History of voice coil of a speaker Research Paper

History of voice coil of a speaker - Research Paper Example A voice coil in a speaker is the loop of a wire connected to the top side of a loudspeaker conduit. Its main function is to give the motive force to the conduit by use of magnetic field created by current passing through it. The common loudspeaker that is currently in use was developed in the 1920s and uses a magnetic force to move a coil that is attached to a diaphragm. Information passing capabilities of a system through a magnetic-core, memory circuits and peripheral magnetic storage and retrieval devices was a challenge that faced traditional scientists. Although the history of voice coil technologies is particularly complex and tumultuous. Voice coil has been made in linear and rotary designs, but the rotary design has become the dominant design because it requires less space (Kamm, 1996). A much less expensive mechanism is a stepper motor, in which a shaft rotates in discrete steps to new positions in response to changes in the surrounding magnetic field. The functioning of the voice coil and related associates is closely related to the history of magnetism. It is recorded that around 1820’s a scientist, Hans Christian, demonstrated that magnetism was linked to electric current through the use of a wire carrying an electric current close to a magnetic field. This caused a deflection of the compass needle, which was being used at the tim e of the experiment (Schilders, Vorst, & Rommes, 2008). It is important to note that current flows causes the emergence of a magnetic field in the neighboring field. The history of voice coil indicates how abstract scientists ideas of this device has been ongoing since the invention of magnetism. Before any concrete advances could be made utilizing magnetism, scientists needed new tools and techniques that could be used to hear sound from a speaker (Brauer, 2006). One of the challenge was an inability to construct novel experimental materials with the

International business short essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International business short - Essay Example Regional integration further helps countries to benefit from absolute advantage on goods that they are able to produce at lower costs as compared to their neighboring countries. There are different theories that characterize regional integration which include removal of tariff barriers on trade. Through the removal of tariff barriers, companies are able to reduce the costs connected to marketing (Drexl, 2012, p.17). Another approach is adoption of external export policy that is common and this ensures that the integration does not discriminate on third parties conducting business with the member countries. Mobility is also enhanced through regional integration where movement of goods across borders is easy and fast (Drexl, 2012, p.21). Harmonization of policies related to economy further ensures that member countries have a common currency of conducting trade. Examples of regional integration include COMESA, ASEAN, Free Trade Area of Americans and African Economic Community (Sergi & Adekola, 2007, p.45). The different regional blocs prospective are to create a common market and boost their bargaining power in the international market. In summary, regional i ntegration enables member countries to expand their market and reduce costs related to exports due to reduced trade barriers. Culture is defined as the set of norms, beliefs, attitudes and values within a specific group of people (Deari, et al., 2008, p.18). Culture could be based on different aspects which include language, religion, race, ethnicity, income level and age. Culture is important in international business in that it influences how easy international businesses penetrate new market in foreign country. Culture is varying and changes from one region to the other and thus understanding these changes is important for international business managers (Ferraro, 2002,

Challenges to Pradhan Manti Jan Dhan Yojana

Challenges to Pradhan Manti Jan Dhan Yojana A Study of Challenges and Problems Faced While Implementing  Pradhan Manti Jan Dhan Yojana Shilpi Pal Dr. M.S.Khan Research Scholar Head/Coordinator (MBA M.Phil Programme), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow Abstract The biggest development by the NDA government in the year 2014 is introducing first social welfare scheme that is â€Å"Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana†. The purpose of introducing this scheme is financial inclusion launched by our Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi on 28th August, 2014. Mr. Modi has come up with this scheme on his first Independence Day speech on 15th August, 2014 which is a National mission for a financial inclusion. This scheme is based on â€Å"Sab ka sath sab ka vikas† that is inclusive growth. The basic aim of this scheme is that every family living in India must have bank accounts and must enroll in bank with Zero balance account. This is the first step to bring out economic quality in country. This paper highlights the problem and challenges faced while implementing the scheme. Also try to point out basic reason not to turn all people for adopting this scheme although it is Zero Balance account scheme which will be opened in all nationalized and pr ivate bank. Keywords- Financial Inclusion, National Mission, Inclusive Growth, Economic Quality Introduction Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) is National Mission for Financial Inclusion to ensure access to financial services, like Saving and Deposit Accounts,Remittance, Credit, Insurance, Pension in an affordable manner. Mr. Narendra Modi our prime minister has announced this scheme on his first independence speech on 15th Augst, 2014. The Objective of PMJDY is financial inclusion and intensive growth along with the improvement of economic status of our country. The aim behind PMJDY is that every family or household have their own account and can access banking facility easily so that everyone become evenly a part of country specially a lower section of society who may easily not able to get these facilities prior to PMJDY. The name Jan Dhan was chosen through an online competition on the MyGov Platform.Slogan of this scheme is â€Å"Mera Khata – Bhagya Vidhata.† PMJDY Account can be opened at Business Correspondent (Bank Mitr) outlet or at Bank branches.PMJDY gives the facility of Overdraft that is up to Rs.5000/- is available in only one account per household after 6 months of satisfactory carry out of accounts. On the first day itself 1.5 crore accounts were opened under this scheme. Then around 12.58 crore accounts were opened by 28th January, 2015. Joint account can also be opened under this scheme. The scheme has been started with a target to provide universal access to banking facilities starting with Basic Banking Accounts with overdraft facility of Rs.5000 after six months andRuPayDebit card with inbuilt accident insurance cover of Rs. 1 lakh and RuPay Kisan Card. Literature Review Dr.Anupama Sharma and Ms. Susmita Kukreja has discussed in their paper that â€Å"The study focuses on the role of financial inclusion, in strengthening the India’s position in relation to other countries economy. For analyzing such facts data for the study has been gathered through secondary sources including report of RBI, NABARD, books on financial inclusion and other articles written by eminent authors. Dr.G.H. Barhate and Ms. V.R.Jagtap has include includes study of various financial inclusion and to evaluate progress and current status of financial inclusion of the State in their research paper C. Paramasivan and V. Ganeshkumar discussed in his ppaper that Financial inclusion is aimed at providing banking and financial services to all people in a fair, transparent and equitable manner at affordable cost. This paper is an attempt to discuss the overview of financial inclusion in India. Objectives of the Study The basic objectives of my study are: To Know the reason behind introducing Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana(PMJDY) To recognize awareness among people for this financial inclusion. To understand the problems and challenges faced in implementing PMJDY. To find out effect on banking sector after adopting this financial inclusion. Research Methodology My study is purely based on secondary data which include, Existing Articles, Newspapers, websites, online articles and Research Paper published in different journals. Through these secondary data and information available I have done my research on green advertising so deeply to meet up with the objective of the study. Result and Discussions It is good initiation for the purpose of financial inclusion and economic growth. Many have found positive aspect behind the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana specially the lower segment of country who feels more comfortable now as they easily take step in banking sector and have their own accounts with special facilities like Overdraft facility, RuPay card, Kisan card facility etc. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Jan_Dhan_Yojana Challenges and Problems faced by PMJDY Implementation- The Connectivity Challenge – As we know around 68% of population lives in rural areas which need to be connected through complete banking system to avail this facility which is huge business potential for the banking sector .But it throws up connectivity-related challenges that need to be addressed in rural areas. Lack of physical and digital connectivity is posing a major hurdle in achieving financial inclusion for rural India. Technological Issue- The technological issues affecting banks from poor connectivity, networking and bandwidth problems to managing costs of maintain infrastructure especially in rural areas. To meet the increasing demands for banking services, banks often depend on passive optical network connectivity, for which they end up paying high costs to internet service providers. Infrastructure of banks in rural areas- It is about the connectivity in banking system. The connections in rural areas are not reliable and fall shorts on bandwidth. An alternative option must be adopted to connect in rural areas branches through satellite links. Banking through WAN or internet link of lower bandwidth at remote locations repeatedly suffers with video delays, slow browsing, slow file transfer, slow upload and download of files, failing to meet the demands of account holders at particular time. Are really people who don’t have account will turn around – This is the one of the major problem as most of the people are aware of it but still they are not turning into bank account user may be because they are not still understand the proper channel of opening bank account under Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna. Gender Gap- There is major gender gap in banking sector; by 2012 for every 1,000 deposit accounts in the name of men, just 394 were opened in the name of women. Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat were even worse than the national banking sex ratio, while Delhi and the four southern States were better. ATM Network-People may face problem due to ATM in rural areas as there is low network of ATM so people are not well know how to use ATM. New account opening Creating new account is not challenge but transaction of this account is a challenge. As staff which is already there may find pressure if there is lot of people come with the problem at a time. Procedure not clear Most of the people are aware but still so many are not turned around as they are not understanding the proper procedure of opening account and required document at a time. Coverage of Difficult areas Many areas like parts of North East, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu Kashmir etc. are facing challenges of infrastructure and telecom connectivity . In these areas all household may not be fully covered under campaign Brand Awareness and sensitization- Customer must get proper awareness about the PMJDY and their benefit after opening account. All thing must clear to customer and made aware that overdraft of up to ` 5,000/- to be provided in their account is a credit facility which needs to be repaid in order to get fresh limits and is not a grant. Findings During research I found the major challenges and problem faced while Implementation of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana which is discussed above under the heading of challenges and problems. Still there are few points which need to be taken into consideration- It is not clear that those customers who have existing saving accounts without RuPay card will get other benefit or not. No clarity on that which has already accounts before announcement of accidental insurance coverage will get this benefit of 1 lakh accidental insurance coverage. Customers are not able to follow proper channel of opening account as they are not much aware about the procedure and benefits to the account holder. No awareness to the customers who will be going to wear bill of insurance premium and cost to keep account running. Banking staff may feel pressure as so many accounts are opening under this scheme. Suggestions There are lots of activities are going around so that everyone get aware about it and must open account under this who don’t have account in the bank and for those who may face problem in opening bank account prior to PMJDY. Awareness program is going through proper channel like Print Media, T.V, Radio, Banner and poster almost outside every bank etc. The result has been seen positive and almost everyone has opened account. But bank in rural areas are facing few problem like low connectivity, Less ATM machines etc. For this reason there are few suggestions which need to implement for the better banking service in the remote locations and they are- Bank must switch to WAN Optimization- Banks need to switch to WAN Optimization Controllers that support tunneling protocol/storage protocol capable of accelerating remote application delivery, thereby speeding up the delivery of banking services. WAN optimization controllers speed up data transfers and reduce application response time over wide area networks by reducing the amount of traffic transmitted between remote offices and between remote locations. This helps banks increase application response time significantly. Facilitate more ATM in remote locations- As in rural areas we see few ATM due to which everyone may not access ATM so much and they don’t know how to use. So, if everyone has account under PMJDY means they carry RuPay card and debit card for that purpose they need to access ATM machines. Awareness Campaign in Rural Areas- There should be proper awareness programs in remote locations about the PMJDY so that everyone must aware about the benefit and need of opening account and they must open account to run with economy. Bankers must give proper information about documentation and other facilities- People must aware about the document needed while opening account and if document is not there then other alternative way for opening account and other benefits related to the account opening like overdraft facility, accidental insurance etc. must be told to the person. As many people think if they don’t have single document they are not able to open the account but under PMJDY there is alternative solution to this problem but people are not aware about this. So banker must take interest and tell detail about it. Conclusion For the financial inclusion and economic growth this turn to be one of the best initiatives under which everyone can enjoy the banking facility as well as economic parity among everyone. It has turned into positive response where public sector players has opened 11.5 crore accounts under PMJDY covering 99.74 households and paving the way for transfer of over Rs 65,000 crore of subsidies and other transfers directly into these accounts. Almost every Indian is now into banking system expects inaccessible households of remote location. After one of the survey it come out thet out of 21.05 crore households, 20.99 crore have access to bank facility. As new technology introduced by National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), a person can transfer funds, check balance through a normal phone which was earlier limited only to smart phones so far. Mobile banking for the poor would be available through National Unified USSD Platform (NUUP) for which all banks and mobile companies have come t ogether. For better acceleration in rural areas of banking sector these steps are taken by which an account holder feels comfortable in running account very well. References Sharma Anupam and Kukereja Sushmita (2013) .An Analytical study: Relevence of Financial Inclusion for developing nations. International Journal of Engeneering And Science, PP15-20 Paramasivan C. and Ganeshkumar V. (2013).Overview of Financial Inclusion in India. International Journals of Management and Development Studies 2(3) PP45-49 Barhate G.H. and Jagtap V.R. (2014).Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana: National Mission on Financial Inclusion. Indian Journal Of Applied Research 4(12) PP340-342 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Jan_Dhan_Yojana http://www.businessworld.in/news/economy/pm%E2%80%99s-jan-dhan-yojana-the-connectivity-challenge/1646746/page-1.html http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Jan-Dhan-covers-99-7-households/articleshow/45960195.cms http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pradhan-mantri-jan-dhan-yojana-faces-access-deficit/article6363310.ece

Cloning is Not What it Used to Be :: Cloning Argumentative Persuasive Argument

Cloning is Not What it Used to Be      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On Sunday, February 23, 1997, Scottish researchers broke one of nature's greatest laws by cloning a lamb from a single cell of an adult ewe.   This breakthrough opens the door to the possibility for the cloning of other mammals including humans.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This remarkable achievement is being looked at as a great advancement in animal agriculture.   But this achievement could lead to ethical questions of standard.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Researchers lead by Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute in Midlothian, Scotland, showed that a fully differentiated cell from the mammary tissue of an ewe could be manipulated in such a way as to produce a genetically identical copy of the animal that the DNA was acquired.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scientist long believed that once a cell became differentiated, that most of its approximately 100,000 genes shut off.   Only a few genes remained active to allow the cell to perform its specific function of life.   All efforts to reactivate the shut-off genes have failed.   English researchers have came the closest by teasing frog body cells to develop into tadpoles.   The tadpoles, however, never matured into frogs.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Scottish researchers have failed many times with sheep cells before their success, but the task was perfected and accomplished.   Now this accomplishment has made it possible for the cloning of almost any mammal, including humans.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To the average person, exactly how the technique works is unclear. Scientist predicted that by making cells dormant and bringing them close to death, something happens to break the chemical locks (barriers) that keep most of the genes inactive. The mammary cell is inserted into an unfertilized sheep egg cell that has already had all of its own genetic material removed.   By fusing the cells together tricks the egg into thinking that it has become fertilized.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After being fused together, researchers believe that the chemical machinery inside the egg cell goes to work to reprogram the mammary cell genes into starting over again, as if they were brought together as sperm and egg. The cell divides, produces an embryo, fetus and a newborn that is identical to the animal from which it was cloned.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the United States government prohibits government funds being spent on human cloning research, and ethicists decry it, nevertheless, human cloning could be achieved, Neal First said.   First is a professor of animal biotechnology and reproductive biology at the University of Wisconsin.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Overall, there is no apparent reason to clone humans. A duplicate body does not mean a duplicated mind.

Caterpillar and Komatsu: A Mission Statement Evaluation Essay

Caterpillar and Komatsu are two of the largest heavy equipment manufacturers in the world with total revenue of over $29.1 billion dollars for fiscal year 2001 between the two companies. Caterpillar was established in 1925 after Benjamin Holt and Daniel Best merged their two companies, both of which had been in business for over 35 years each. Komatsu was founded in 1921 when Komatsu Iron Works was spun off as an independent corporation from Takeuchi Mining Industry, Ltd. Both companies, Caterpillar and Komatsu, have since established themselves in the market as leaders of heavy equipment manufacturing. A review of the websites and mission statements for each company speaks volumes about the company and their philosophy towards doing business. Each mission statement was evaluated for the following components as per the UniModule for the course: Customers, Products or services, Markets, Technology, Concern for survival, growth and profitability, Philosophy, Self-concept, Concern for public image and Concern for employees. Additionally, each mission statement, as well as the company web site and company reports, was reviewed to determine how the priorities of the stockholders were addressed. Caterpillar Caterpillar has both a vision and a mission to drive their company. The vision is basically stated, â€Å"Be the global leader in customer value† (Caterpillar). This basic statement drives the four different aspects of the mission and the company as a whole. The vision also shows a strong concern for survival and growth with a forward-looking vision to the future. In addition, a basic vision such as this also drives the philosophy of the company as they strive to be the best in their market. The first section of the mission statement is as follows: Caterpillar will be the leader in providing the best value in machines,  engines and support services for customers dedicated to building the world’s infrastructure and developing and transporting its resources. We provide the best value to customers. (italics as included in statement) (Caterpillar) As this section states, Caterpillar believes in supporting the customer through all aspects of its operations. This section also addresses Caterpillar’s philosophy in their products and services by providing the best value to their customers. The second section of the mission statement states: Caterpillar people will increase shareholder value by aggressively pursuing growth and profit opportunities that leverage our engineering, manufacturing, distribution, information management and financial services expertise. We grow profitably. (italics as included in statement) (Caterpillar) This section addresses Caterpillar’s concern for shareholder value by directly addressing their goals to increase value as part of the statement, and not as an afterthought. The simple line, â€Å"We grow profitably† shows a strong faith in their future as a company. The third section read: Caterpillar will provide its worldwide workforce with an environment that stimulates diversity, innovation, teamwork, continuous learning and improvement and rewards individual performance. We develop and reward people. (italics as included in statement) (Caterpillar) A strong concern for the employees is shown in this section of the mission statement. According to the Caterpillar website, the company offers extensive training and employee development, as well as a multitude of benefits for their employees. The final section of the mission statement is as follows: Caterpillar is dedicated to improving the quality of life while sustaining the quality of our earth. We encourage social responsibility. (italics as included in statement) (Caterpillar) Finally, Caterpillar addresses their concern for the public image of the company by addressing environmental and social issues in their mission statement. Caterpillar is involved in several environmental and social projects in the communities that they are a part of, whether in the United States or around the world. Overall, the vision and mission statement for Caterpillar is strong and clear, providing a valuable direction for the company in all aspects of their operation. Komatsu Komatsu has established a basic mission statement as well as a Code of Worldwide Business Conduct (Code) booklet that helps to guide the company in its global business dealings. This Code is updated annually to reflect any new or changed information that may affect how the company performs on a global level. The mission statement, which is actually an opening statement by the president of the company, Masahiro Sakane, reads as follows: Komatsu is committed to Quality and Reliability as the very cornerstones of its management to maximize its corporate value. Through business activities, we at Komatsu work to enhance the corporate value of Komatsu for shareholders and all other stakeholders by promoting activities to become a Strong Company, while simultaneously observing the â€Å"Rules of the Business Community (the Rules)† and fulfilling the responsibility of corporate citizenship to become a Good Company. In this manner, I believe that we can improve the Quality and Reliability of management and employees. (Komatsu) By breaking down the opening statement, as well as the pertinent sections of the Code, we can evaluate the company’s means for addressing the different  requirements from the UniModule. A driving force behind the Code is the strong commitment to quality and reliability for their products. This is addressed in the management direction section of the code, which provides five guidelines for enhancing quality and reliability. The first guideline directly addresses the customers’ needs and concerns, as well as the product and/or services themselves, by â€Å"constantly providing safe and innovative products/service and systems from the viewpoint of our customers.† (Komatsu) Additionally, product safety is mentioned as one of the main aspects for quality and reliability. According to Komatsu, â€Å"all employees place the highest priority for assurance of safety when engaging in development, production, procurement, sales, service and all other stages.† (Komatsu) References Caterpillar Company Information. Mission. Caterpillar. Retrieved on June 20, 2002 from the World Wide Web: http://www.cat.com/about_cat/company_information/03_mission/mission.html Komatsu Code of Business Conduct. Komatsu, Inc. Retrieved June 20, 2002 from the World Wide Web: http://www.komatsu.com/profile/index.html

Implications for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Special Education Teacher Preparation in Classroom Management: Implications for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Foundations of Exceptionality (EDUC 521)Special Education Teacher Preparation in Classroom Management:Implications for Students with Emotional and Behavioral DisordersClassroom management and organization plays a vital role in the learning process for all students, and especially in students having EBD. The research conducted in the article, Special Education Teacher Preparation in Classroom Management: Implications for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, by Regina Oliver and Daniel Reschly, examines the question â€Å"Do academic courses and training prepare special education teachers to know how to cope with the needs of EBD children in the classroom?† Special education teachers need the skills to manage the classroom effectively; lacking this knowledge can lead to students spending too much time outside the classroom and the learning process.To examine the academics in teacher preparation programs a study was conducted using syllabi from these programs employing information from a larger assessment of higher education institutions; only classroom management categories were evaluated. In measuring this data the Innovation Configuration (IC) chart was utilized; IC’s are the usual form of quantifying assessment (Oliver & Reschly, 2010).The results indicate that many institutions of higher learning were lacking in areas of curriculum preparing special education teachers to work with EBD students and their behaviors in the classroom. Areas established to be lacking were: active supervision and student engagement, classroom routines, structured environment, and school wide behavioral expectations. In the syllabi from the institutions many of the elements listed were not included and 42% did not include teaching how to set up classroom rules; a well planned set of rules and expectations in the classroom is a pr eventive  approach to discipline (2010).One can see that there could be a correlation between teacher preparation curriculum and EBD student’s behaviors and the learning process; further studies are needed to ascertain a connection. Students and teachers would greatly gain from such studies, because it could warrant a change in curriculum and training.

The eNotes Blog Sing It, Shakes! Shakespeare in PopMusic

Sing It, Shakes! Shakespeare in PopMusic In the Merchant of Venice, the Prince of Morocco warns, All that glisters is not gold. This sage advice has been repeated in some unlikely sources, from Led Zepplins Stairway to Heaven to Marilyn Mansons Posthuman. Here are some other instances of modern musicians who pay lyrical homage to Shakespeare: Line from Highway 61 Revisited, referencing Twelfth Night: The fifth daughter on the twelfth night told the first father that things werent right. Line from Get Over It on the Eagles album Hell Freezes Over referencing Dick the Butcher from Henry V: Old Billy was right, / Lets kill all the lawyers-kill em tonight. Dire Straits Romeo and Juliet from Solid Rock. No mystery here. The whole song re-tells it in a way any hip 80s teen can understand! Juliet says, hey, its Romeo you nearly gimme a heart attack / Hes underneath the window shes singin hey la my boyfriends back. Mel Brooks To Be Or Not To Be from  The Hitler Rap.   Even if Shakespeare had entertained the idea of other artists re-purposing his work, it is unlikely he had anything like Mel Brooks and his borrowing from  Hamlet  in mind: Say Heil Heil seigety style we gonna whip it to the people Teutonic style To be or not to be Baby, cant you see? Before There Was Rosalyns song, The Warrior, contains an allusion to Julius Caesar:  Cowards die many times. My Chemical Romances song The Sharpest Lives contains (yet another) reference to  Romeo and Juliet  :   Juliet loves the beat and the lust it commands / drop the dagger and lather the blood on your hands, Romeo. In the song, This Town, Your Grave, the band Innerpartysystem alludes to Macbeth with this line:   Washing your hands in blood wont take away the stain.

Free Essays on The Dead Sea Scrolls

The History of the Dead Sea Scrolls Known to be the most important archeological discovery of the twentieth century, the Dead Sea Scrolls have not only become a window through which we can explore ancient civilization, but most importantly, a foundational source we can use to see a glimpse of an ancient religious people. Composed of over 800 manuscripts, the Dead Sea Scrolls, when discovered, astonished all and brought a panic among many. Possibly threatening both the Jewish and Christian fundaments, the scrolls had scholars hoping to find answers to questions left unreciprocated since the days of Moses. The following takes readers on a journey exploring how the scrolls came to be, how they were discovered, and most crucially, what they contain. After the destruction of the first Temple and the rebuilding of the second, the Jews of Judea still deemed the holy place as their center of devotion. Because the Romans had now conquered Judea, many priests felt the Greek way of life, known as Hellenism, had empowered the Jewish way of life. A group of priests known as the Essenes, meaning the â€Å"purified ones† fled to the scorching days of the desert around 150BCE. As they pondered through the hot sun, tired and confused they brought with them writings and rituals of what they believed would one day open the way to a renewal of Israel, and a planning of a new and uncorrupted temple. The Essenes settled on a plateau in the desert where cliffs lied to the west and the Dead Sea to the east. As they built the community and village, which are now known as Qumran, they fabricated extraordinary architectural designs, including water canals through the village in which they would submerge themselves for â€Å"cleansing† and â€Å"purifying† purposes. The Essenes lived a very, very strict way of life, with numerous daily prayers being the focus of their existence. They studied vigorously the teachings and writings of the Hebrew Bible... Free Essays on The Dead Sea Scrolls Free Essays on The Dead Sea Scrolls The History of the Dead Sea Scrolls Known to be the most important archeological discovery of the twentieth century, the Dead Sea Scrolls have not only become a window through which we can explore ancient civilization, but most importantly, a foundational source we can use to see a glimpse of an ancient religious people. Composed of over 800 manuscripts, the Dead Sea Scrolls, when discovered, astonished all and brought a panic among many. Possibly threatening both the Jewish and Christian fundaments, the scrolls had scholars hoping to find answers to questions left unreciprocated since the days of Moses. The following takes readers on a journey exploring how the scrolls came to be, how they were discovered, and most crucially, what they contain. After the destruction of the first Temple and the rebuilding of the second, the Jews of Judea still deemed the holy place as their center of devotion. Because the Romans had now conquered Judea, many priests felt the Greek way of life, known as Hellenism, had empowered the Jewish way of life. A group of priests known as the Essenes, meaning the â€Å"purified ones† fled to the scorching days of the desert around 150BCE. As they pondered through the hot sun, tired and confused they brought with them writings and rituals of what they believed would one day open the way to a renewal of Israel, and a planning of a new and uncorrupted temple. The Essenes settled on a plateau in the desert where cliffs lied to the west and the Dead Sea to the east. As they built the community and village, which are now known as Qumran, they fabricated extraordinary architectural designs, including water canals through the village in which they would submerge themselves for â€Å"cleansing† and â€Å"purifying† purposes. The Essenes lived a very, very strict way of life, with numerous daily prayers being the focus of their existence. They studied vigorously the teachings and writings of the Hebrew Bible...

Basketball Needs To Be Fixed Essay Research

Basketball Needs To Be Fixed Essay, Research PaperBasketball Needs to Be FixedProfessional and college hoops have become really popular in the Black Marias and heads of many Americans. Millions of dollars a twelvemonth are spent on dress, tickets, and telecasting all generated by people # 8217 ; s love for hoops. But in the last twosome of old ages, both the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and college hoops have lost a significant sum of their competition and hold caught much criticizim for it. At the bosom of this job is a individual cause, greed. The game of hoops has become all about money alternatively of the game and its fans. This job needs to be addressed, and the best topographic point to get down is with the college participants, or more specifically, the NBA bill of exchange. The regulations and guidelines that pertain to the bill of exchange are greatly at mistake for the down slide of both college and NBA hoops and they need to be changed before the game down sli des into nil.The alterations that need to be made are simple, lowerclassmans should non be eligible for the NBA bill of exchange ; or in other words, if you have old ages of eligibility left, you should non be eligible to be drafted by an NBA squad. What jobs would this work out? The replyis most jobs in basketball today.First, college hoops has paid greatly by losing its most gifted participants to the NBA every bit many as three old ages early. This has resulted in non merely an overall decrease of the game, but in certain fortunes caused the ruin of one time great hoops plans. This is how it happens, colleges recruit participants based on what their demands are or what they will necessitate shortly in the hereafter. So let us state that one school has a great nucleus of sophomore and junior participants for an approaching season. The managers do non hold the demand or the room for many new top notch participants. So all of the top recruits find other schools to travel to. Then, a llow us state that the great nucleus of participants foliages for the NBA, go forthing the squad with mediocre participants and a atrocious season to look frontward to. By the following recruiting period comes about, the school # 8217 ; s repute has been hurt, and so has their opportunities of set downing the top recruits. This continues until the school # 8217 ; s one time proud hoops tradition is a thing of the yesteryear. This state of affairs is non merely conjectural, schools like UNLV, Georgetown, Seton Hall, and Houston have all gone through this procedure and now find themselves at the underside of the barrel.It is non merely the universities that early entry to the NBA injuries, the conference in general takes a immense blow. College hoops markets their squads after their best participants, when those participants decide to travel pro early, the publicity of college hoops is hurt ; along with the overall endowment degree of the conference is lowered drastically. Games bec omeless interesting because the participants are non as talented. This in bend hurts the telecasting webs because people do non like watching games in which they do non cognize who the participants are. And so, that in bend hurts the conference and the schools once more because the webs will non pay every bit much to telecast the games as they one time did.The schools and the conference are non the lone 1s hurt, by go forthing school early trusting to do the large vaulting horses the participants hurt themselves. In the universe that we live in today, if you do non hold a college grade, chances are limited. Look at the statistics, 60 participants are drafted each twelvemonth, and there are merely 360 roster musca volitanss in the full NBA. The opportunities that each participant drafted will do the squad is about an impossibleness. Some people go back to school and seek to complete their grades, but most do non because one time you give up your eligibility, you c annot acquire it back, with agencies most of them can non afford to travel back to school. This leaves a batch of people out of work and with no grade. By maintaining the college participants in school, most will accomplish their grade by the clip that they are ready for the NBA. The donee of the lowerclassmans being allow to go forth early would be the NBA right? It seems that manner, but that is non truly the instance. The job with outlining lowerclassmans is that they are non wholly matured yet, they have non yet received all of the accomplishments that they would necessitate to do the immediate impact that their squads expect them to do. These accomplishments include leading, duty, and adulthood ; these are the thingthat college is supposed to learn them, but by go forthing early they are non given all of the things that they need to be a success.Many of the new participants in the conference develop attitudes of bumptiousness or certitude because of their bill of exchange place or because of the 1000000s of dollars that they are being paid. Suspensions and mulcts for misconduct are at an all-time high in the NBA now and the biggest ground for it is the immature participants who have non been taught the regard and behavior that they need. This gives the N BA a bad name and is get downing to upset a batch of the veteran participants who have made the NBA what it is today.Another thing that the bill of exchange does is that it makes edifice or reconstructing a squad a entire gaming game. Beting 1000000s of dollars on a participant in their early mid-twentiess that squads have no thought if they will be any good, many squads are frequently incorrect and are stuck with a multimillion dollar investing that went rancid. This makes squads take old ages to develop their immature participants, and in the interim their record and fan attending and support go down the tubing. This besides hurts the Television webs because no 1 wants to see second-rate professional squads play, and so that turns about and hurts the squads and the conference because the webs pay less for telecasting rights.Money, is evidently the ground why lowerclassmans leave for the NBA early. If you were 22 old ages old, and person would pay you 90 million dollars to play a g ame that you love, would you drop out of college? The job with this is therising prices of participants wages. When participants are drafted immature, they demand to be paid what they want ; squads pay them 1000000s right out of college. This makes the seasoned participants covetous, and they ask for more money. Then when the following twelvemonth comes about, the form repeats itself, and it # 8217 ; s another downward spiral. That is how participants # 8217 ; wages have rose to absurd bounds. No 1 noticed the job while it was go oning, but now that it is a job there is no existent manner to repair it. In 1996, a cub salary cap was put into consequence by the NBA to set a bound on get downing wages, so some steps are being taken. This is a start, but it is non the reply to the job. If lowerclassmans were non allowed to come out early, high cub wages would non hold to be every bit high, and the participants would likely be more accepting of less money than most cubs are acquiring n ow, and this would assist work out the all-round money job in the NBA.Both the NBA and college hoops seem to be in a rut. And as stated before, they ground is the underclassmen go forthing school early to do money in the NBA. So what # 8217 ; s the solution? Easy, do non allow the college participants enter the NBA bill of exchange early. It would profit everyone in the hereafter. Of class there would be a transitional period, but the losingss would be short and the effects of the alteration would be apparent really rapidly. Let the game be played the manner it was meant to be played, for the competition and non for the money.

Networking and Public Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Networking and Public Relations - Essay Example Its role in enhancing awareness of an organization’s public image is normally magnified when used in concurrence with public relations. In this regard, the objective of the essay is to explain how networking is used in conjunction with public relations. Likewise, the discourse would provide at least two (2) examples of how successful entrepreneurs have used public relations and networking to their business advantage. An organization and its products or services can come to the attention of the public through being newsworthy. The public is a general market that deserves to receive facts and information on what the organization offers and thus, further spreads the information to others who were not initially recipients of relevant corporate information. Public relations are thus a critical communications tool that organizations use to enhance their corporate image. According to Lancaster, public relations was defined by the Institute of Public Relations (IPR) as â€Å"the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organisation and it’s public’† (n.d., par. 8). Networking is an instrument used in conjunction with public relations to ensure the swift development of contacts and expand the reach of information to more people at a shorted amount of time. In an exhibit, for example, an organization can present a new product offer which would be launched in the market. The product could be an innovative health drink which would significantly lower blood sugar and cholesterol at the same time. It invites various stakeholders, customers, suppliers, media, and local or state representatives to view the product and to hear testimonies of those who benefitted from it . As emphasized by Lancaster, â€Å"there is often a strong ‘entertainment’ component to exhibitions with stands offering complementary

How lean management can be applied to a grocery retailer Essay

How lean management can be applied to a grocery retailer - Essay Example This is due to the limited resources; however, small businesses such as small grocery store can incorporate lean thinking in establishing a new business, expansion of the existing business or in placement of other branches in other regions. This paper discusses how a small grocery store owner can use lean thinking for the benefit of the business as well as of the clients. Generally, the application of the lean approach in the context of a small business such as a green grocery, allows the business to minimize its costs, minimize execution time, increase efficiency, reduce all types of wastes, as well as keep low inventories. Moreover, the approach contributes to attainment of customer satisfaction, enhancement of the general product quality as well as increase the management morale, in this case the grocer (Valentinova, 2015). The major objective of using lean retail is basically a commitment to the elimination of wastes. Some of the waste in the context of a grocery store include, excess supply that may result in the damage of the highly perishable products in a grocery. The grocer should ensure that the supply of products is directly proportional to the market demand. This reduces damage of some of the highly perishable products such as tomatoes, and kales. Moreover, the grocer should use preservative measures such as the use of freezers to preserve the perishable products. The owner should also ensure that the likelihood of defects of products is minimized to the lowest level possible. This can be ensured by taking all the required measures in the storage of products, for instance, while preserving perishable grocery products, the business owner should ensure that all the preservative measures are in place for instance, the refrigeration time, period and ensuring that the products are preserved in the best condition (Sen, n.d.). Moreover, the owner should avoid wastage of time

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Business Strategy - Essay Example Thus, the goal of this paper is to identify and recommend specific measures on how the proposed transition in ownership can be best managed with the interest of both parties in mind. This paper will primarily answer the biggest issues that Walden and Able faces which includes their different strategies and success metrics. How would you reconcile Ables need for building market share (long-term strategic business objective) with Waldens drive for year-to year quarterly increases in sales and pretax profit (short-term, corporate objective)? The current strategy of Able is building market in order to efficiently distribute costs. The business organization believes that in order to be successful in its industry, in needs to capture most of the market. The strategy can be seen as a long-term business objective. On the other hand, Walden pursues a short term corporate objective of increasing its quarterly income and pre-tax profits. At the first look, these two strategies seem to be in direct contrast with each other. For one, the focus of Walden is in the short run while Able is concern in the long term. However, looking more closely, both of these strategies can be simultaneously pursued as they will be bringing in the same results for the two business organizations which is growth. It can be argued that establishing the quarterly goal of revenue and profit increases can be attained through revamping the whole operation of Able and in the long run can help it earn a sizable share in the market. Walden’s acquisition of Able can be largely help the latter to pursue its goal of increasing market share and record sales and profit increases each quarter. It should be noted that aside from circular saws, Able’s products are only able to corner no more than 3% of the market. This is amidst the fact that there is a large and growing

A major British international food retailer has appointed you as a Essay

A major British international food retailer has appointed you as a consultant. The company is considering investing in one of th - Essay Example This paper will seek to analyze the political, economic, cultural and ethical risks that might affect Asda’s expansion into an Asean member state particularly Philippines. The paper will also identify and evaluate business opportunities in this country. Political analysis Asda is a high street supermarket located in Britain retailing a large variety of food products and may deliver at a customer’s doorstep upon an online order (Oxford Business Group, 2009:26). This company is planning to expand its investment prospects into Philippines as part of its long-term investment plans and looking into this country’s political system can help the business consultant understand the kind of risks or opportunities that the company should expect to face (Schwab, 2011:46). Generally, political stability and the system of governance of a country act as a substantial factor of consideration at times when a firm is planning to invest internationally (Hill, 2011:70). This is so be cause, every country in this world maintains unique and/or different political and economic systems pointing out that when doing business in any overseas country; it is advisable that you be familiar with that country’s market availability and its leadership structure (Cavusgil, Knight and Tiesenberger, 2011:49). The Philippines’ political system is not that complex, but for a British food retailer like Asda, changing its structure to accommodate certain rules and regulations is necessary (Daniels, Radebaugh and Sullivan, 2011:89). The Philippines’ political system is a structured framework constituting a presidential, democratic and representative republic, where the president is both the head of government and the head of state within a system characterized by pluri-form multi-party (Menipaz and Menipaz, 2007:84). Reliable sources establish that different political systems influence the functioning of a business. Philippines have a transitional business enviro nment where the political structure allows for international investment. Since 1986 when Corazon Aquino took over as the president of Philippines, the country formulated its political system with constitutional amendments being the first to change (Schwab, 2011:62). The country’s political administration system has three bodies, which consist of the judiciary, executive and the legislative branch. It has other administrative divisions that facilitate the proper administration of the cities, municipalities and barangayas among other regions. Despite a bit of political turmoil at times, there is no surmountable business pressure or threat posed by these issues (Oxford Business Group, 2009:50). Adequately, the people of Philippines are peaceful and they have a strong liking for investors from the west a particularly in such countries as Britain and the United States (Menipaz and Menipaz, 2007:106). Thus, Asda is at a considerable position to expand its food retailing services in to the Philippines since the political system of this country allows for favourable working conditions. Bearing in mind that political issues erupt at any given time, Asda should prepare for such risks in the

Opportunity cost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Opportunity cost - Essay Example Different perspectives however exist for definition of opportunity cost but they revolve around the cost that can be derived from the next best alternative. Ferguson, an economist, for example, defines opportunity cost in terms of resources and as mount of resources for producing the next best alternative, which is forgone in order to produce a subject commodity. This establishes cost of the two commodities as a common measure for determining sacrificed cost for a production. Henderson offers a definition that is closer to cost measure by defining opportunity cost as the â€Å"value of the highest-valued alternative† for which resources in a production could have been used (Hussain, 2010, P. 158). Leftwich’s definition of opportunity cost as the value of foregone option for production in which resources would have been used is also consistent with the focus on cost of resources in production of a commodity (Hussain, 2010). It is however important to note that opportunit y cost is not market price of an alternative commodity or market price of materials that could have been used in the alternative. Commodities that are produced from a similar material may have a relationship between opportunity cost and market cost but this is not always the case because of the subjective nature of opportunity cost (Baumol & Blinder, 2011). Opportunity cost is therefore the value, and not necessarily market price, of resources use in a production, which could have been used in production of the next best alternative production. Opportunity cost can be either implicit or explicit and existence of reward for involved sacrifice establishes the distinction. Explicit costs in opportunity cost are those costs that are incurred for payments, in monetary or otherwise terms, to stakeholders that sacrifice their resources for production of a commodity.

Answer questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Answer questions - Essay Example d. Coffee prices are expected to rise rapidly in the next few months. Indicate the immediate Effect. e. Workers in the coffee industry form a trade union and succeed with claims for higher Wages. Answers: a) When a severe frost destroys much of the Brazilian crop the supply curve of coffee will shift to the left. It is assumed that the demand will remain the same. Therefore the market equilibrium will shift to the left. b) If coffee is shown to cause cancer in laboratory experiments on mice it is expected that the demand for coffee will fall down sharply. The supply for coffee is assumed to remain the same. The demand curve will shift to the right and the new market equilibrium will also shift to the right. c) If the price of tea declines sharply the demand for coffee is expected to fall. The demand curve will shift to the left and the equilibrium point will shift to the left. d) If the price of coffee is expected to rise in the next month, the demand for coffee will rise immediately . Therefore the demand curve will shift rightwards and the market equilibrium point will shift to the right. The other conditions are assumed to remain unchanged. e) If the workers in the coffee industry form a trade union and succeed with claims for higher Wages, then the price of coffee will rise. ... In your explanation you must refer to aspects such as: Demand, wants, needs and desires Determinants of demand and supply Demand versus quantity demanded Movement along versus shifts of the curves Equilibrium Price and Quantity Surplus vs. Shortage. Answer: A market is a place where buyers meet sellers. The households purchase the products of their needs from the sellers in the market and the sellers charge their price. The determinants of demand and supply are the price of the good, the price of the substitutes, the income of the consumers, and the anticipated price level of the future and tastes of the consumers. An increase of demand can take place if the income of the consumers rise, the price of the product itself falls. The following diagram shows the demand supply analysis of the chosen product. In this case it is assumed that the market is competitive and so the demand curve is horizontal. In this case a parallel shift in the supply schedule leads to lower demand (Michigan St ate University, n.d. p. 1). The quantity demanded has fallen to Q1from Q0. The price is remaining the same in the market. A leftward shift of the supply schedule lead to fall in quantity demanded. The following diagram provides a clearer picture. In this case the supply curve shifted to the left while the demand curve remained unchanged. The initial equilibrium in the market has fallen as a result. The new equilibrium quantity is at a higher level than the initial one while the new equilibrium price is at a lower level than the initial one (University of Pittsburg, 2012, p. 2). The point where the demand by the consumers is matched by the supplies of the producers is regarded as the equilibrium point. The following

Opportunity cost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Opportunity cost - Essay Example Different perspectives however exist for definition of opportunity cost but they revolve around the cost that can be derived from the next best alternative. Ferguson, an economist, for example, defines opportunity cost in terms of resources and as mount of resources for producing the next best alternative, which is forgone in order to produce a subject commodity. This establishes cost of the two commodities as a common measure for determining sacrificed cost for a production. Henderson offers a definition that is closer to cost measure by defining opportunity cost as the â€Å"value of the highest-valued alternative† for which resources in a production could have been used (Hussain, 2010, P. 158). Leftwich’s definition of opportunity cost as the value of foregone option for production in which resources would have been used is also consistent with the focus on cost of resources in production of a commodity (Hussain, 2010). It is however important to note that opportunit y cost is not market price of an alternative commodity or market price of materials that could have been used in the alternative. Commodities that are produced from a similar material may have a relationship between opportunity cost and market cost but this is not always the case because of the subjective nature of opportunity cost (Baumol & Blinder, 2011). Opportunity cost is therefore the value, and not necessarily market price, of resources use in a production, which could have been used in production of the next best alternative production. Opportunity cost can be either implicit or explicit and existence of reward for involved sacrifice establishes the distinction. Explicit costs in opportunity cost are those costs that are incurred for payments, in monetary or otherwise terms, to stakeholders that sacrifice their resources for production of a commodity.

Top 10 Apps of 2007 Essay Example for Free

Top 10 Apps of 2007 Essay It is a matter of fact that technologies, especially computer and Internet technologies, are swiftly developing offering us more and more opportunities to become professionals in computer sphere or, at least, to make our communication with computer and Internet easier. The year of 2007 is marked by a number of significant improvements in computer interfaces and applications as new social features are added to prepare for the next great year. Actually, the top 10 apps of 2007 are the following: Google Maps are among the first improvements as they added new street views for more than 20 cities in the United States, as well as specified public transit directions for smaller areas, changing routes. Google Maps used embedded maps and drag-and-drop maps. As a result, we are allowed to create personalized maps, to edit maps and to collaborate with friends and relatives. Further, Google Maps included geographic content from the web when searching for information. Maps launched a new feature which detected your location and this function is available for iPhones and Windows Mobile devices. It is possible to access local search simply by voice. However, the most interesting updating is opportunity to explore the sky and to predict weather conditions. Mint (Online money manager) is an effective way to organize your finances as it is a teeth-clenching and hair-pulling task when you have to enter data, provide balance and perform accounting operations. As a result, you are left with 20 cent balance after a day of data entry. Mint has changed the way of organizing finances as instead of spending hours on data entry and spending money on expensive desktop app, which will organize your finances, it is better to use free and easy Mint. All you need is to register, to enter bank details and the service will automatically download your credit information, transactions and operations. Mint is able to generate graphs and charts, as well as to warn about low balances and high charges. Mint is effective way to save money and to manage spending. Gmail has also improved offering us to sign up for an account. Gmail allows to store data up to 6Gb and to increase the attachment size of 20Mb. Moreover, it is possible to pay for more storage option. Presentation viewer and IMAP are added as one of the most popular Internet features of 2007. A new version is launched and AJAX backend is fully re-written offering new features as, for example, new contact managers, colored cables and groups chat. Despite the fact that Gmail had certain performance problems, they were removed within the first month. Microsoft Office 2007 has significantly improved Desktop office suite which is claimed to be a bumpy launch of 2007. newly improved office suite aims at replacing familiar menus with new ‘ribbon’ interface. However, from the first glance improvement may seem unnecessary and inconvenient as you are forced to hunt for necessary buttons without looking. But the chance was given and Microsoft launched venerable WSJ-reviewer – Walt Mossberg. The new office is provided with fabulous keyboard interface. YouTube has improved interface and ahs launched a mobile version, bulk uploader, customizable players and Google Data API. In other words, new feeds are available as iPhone application. Shares revenue and overlay days are introduced as well. New video identification technology aims at solving copyright infringement problems. YouTube has improved Google Video having added third-party sites. It means that YouTube is a video search engine nowadays. Actually, Google Video allows searching for new films and clips in the whole world offering such features as uploading videos online, popular videos, comments, ratings and labels. Google Docs are selected for their successful efforts to become integrated with Gmail and they added improved interface of document list and mobile version. Google Docs launched Google Presentations with basic features and in alpha version. Other small updates are conditional formatting, providing docs with an URL, and autofill. Finally, Google Docs are able to import online data and to store API. Google Reader offers support for embedded content and has added new trends: YouTube videos, recommendations, offline version, shared items from relatives and friends, feed management, search opportunities, etc. Google Reader has also updated feeds faster and launched ping mechanism from Blog Search. Google Notebook has integrated with Google Bookmarks becoming more accessible for users and professionals. Today Google Notebook is a part of Google Toolbar 5. Newly improve notes include clips from different web pages and users are allowed to share them with others. Finally, Google Notebook has allowed exporting notes to Google docs and has added mobile version. Picasa Web Albums are characterized by free storage opportunities, new labels, option of geotag photos and mobile version. All users are allowed to search for public photos which are a part of Google Image Search. Grand Central is virtual telephone line PBX and it has improved significantly. Millions of people have home phones, office phones and personal cell phones and they realize that sometimes it is a head pain to keep track of who calls, when and why. Grand Central allows you to call to a single GC-issued number, to forward voicemail, to filter calls and to screen calls. Grand Central offers customization of handling incoming calls. Service allows keeping voicemail online and user is notified of receiving new message. It is necessary to underline that Grand Central has launched messaging system, reminder and has improved interface offering various webapps as, for example, Blogger, Twitter and Google Calendar. References Broida, Rick. (2008.) Top Apps of 2007. Retrieved June 18, 2008, from http://blogs.bnet.com/businesstips/?p=1018 Top Ten Google Apps in 2007. Retrieved June 18, 2008, from http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2007/12/top-google-apps-in-2007.html Top 10 New and Improved Apps of 2007. Retrieved June 18, 2008, from http://lifehacker.com/software/lifehacker-top-10/top-10-new-and-improved-apps-of-2007-332617.php

Concept of Individualised Care: Geriatric Case Study

Concept of Individualised Care: Geriatric Case Study Explain what is meant by the term individualised care. Discuss, using examples from a second practice placement, how one individual patients /clients needs were met using this approach. An essay Introduction The traditional way of trying to assess if a particular treatment or the clinical condition of a patient has changed, is by running blood tests, clinical evaluation, and other laboratory tests. While these measures undeniably give us certain levels of information about a patient, they tell us virtually nothing about the disease process from a personal and social context. (Higginson et al 2001). No illness exists in a vacuum. This essay is a discussion of the concept of individualised care with particular reference to my recent placement on a geriatric ward. I am going to discuss the case of Mrs.J., a 83 yr. old lady. Mrs J has been on the ward for two weeks. She was originally admitted with a chest infection. She was very ill at the time of admission and it was not easy to get a history from her. We could only establish that she lived on her own and had been found by a neighbour who had called her General Practitioner who had then arranged her admission. Her chest infection was treated and she responded reasonably quickly. As she became more lucid, it became obvious that Mrs.J. had had a mild stroke leaving her with an expressive dysphasia. It was not possible to ascertain whether these changes had been present for a long time or had just come on, as she had not seen the General Practitioner for nine months prior to this admission. We also discovered that Mrs.J. had developed a mild form of Type II diabetes mellitus as she was putting out small but constant levels of sugar in her urine and her blood sugar levels were mildly elevated. In brief, her care plan called for her to mobilise with the physiotherapist, to receive speech therapy for her dysphasia, to see the dietician for advice regarding her dietary control of her Type II diabetes mellitus and to see the social work team for assessment for discharge as it was considered unlikely that she would actually be sufficiently self-caring to be able to discharge to her home. The nursing profession, almost by definition, is a very personal and interactive profession. (Yura et al 1998) In order to provide good individualised care there must be a number of interactions in place. The nurse must have a good understanding of the medical elements of the case and also have a good knowledge of the patient both as a person and of all their circumstances. (Meleis 1991) This helps to allow the formulation of good individualised care without making any inappropriate decisions that may be based on an incomplete understanding of the situation.(Holzemer et al. 1994) The case of Mrs.J. is complicated because of her expressive dysphasia. In a nursing context the â€Å"interpersonal processes† that are necessary to establish rapport and empathy were made very much more difficult. (Platt et al 1999). The verbal and motor cues that are a vital part of this essential process were not there by virtue of her cerebro-vascular accident, and it made proper and meaningful conversation very much more difficult. (Carpenito 1997). It was not helped by the fact that she did not appear to have any close relative that we could use to get information. It was not simply a matter therefore of deciding what was medically the best for her, but in order to try to engage with her on the level of empowerment and education, we had to try very hard to understand her feelings and situation in order to provide individualised care. (Woolhead et al 2004) If we try to apply the Roper Logan Tierney model of nursing care (Roper et al 1983) to Mrs.J.’s situation of needing dietary advice for her newly diagnosed Type II diabetes mellitus, the aim would be to try to provide individualised care and to take into account the degree to which the problems of her inability to communicate actually interferes with the other activities of daily living. (Howe et al. 2003). It is in this respect that the concept of individualised care becomes clearly apparent. For the average patient., it may simply be appropriate to fill out a dietetic referral slip and let the dietetic department do the rest. If we wish to fully implement the concept of individualised care, then we would need to establish that Mrs.J. needed and understood why she needed dietetic advice, that she could adequately understand what was being said, (Kuhse et al. 2001), and also make sure that the dieticians were fully aware of all aspects of the situation when they were able to visit her and give advice. (Newell et al 1992) This approach allows us to make an assessment of both the positive and negative aspects of the decision. We can also make an assessment of whether Mrs.J. would eventually be in a position to take responsibility for her own diabetic (or dietary) care in the long run. (Marks-Moran et al 1996) In individualised care, it is important to be as empathetic as possible to the patients needs. One must appreciate the fact that, in this particular case, the imposition of a diet may be seen by the patient as yet another (iatrogenic) restriction imposed upon an already severely restricted lifestyle. Generally speaking, concordance and explanation are better than dogma and enforced compliance (Marinker 1997). Another important aspect of individualised care, is the process of reflection (Gibbs 1998). It is generally comparatively easy to make clinical decisions, but the key to ensuring that they are actually the correct decisions for that individual patient, is to reflect upon them and consider all of the aspects of that particular patient’s case, which may not have actually been impinging upon the original decision making process. (Taylor 2000). For example, it is almost certainly the correct decision to invoke the help of the dietician to assist Mrs.J. in managing her Type II diabetes mellitus. It is however, possible that, upon reflection, Mrs.J. might not be able to adequately manage her diet because her motor problems now preclude her from going independently to the shops, and the person who buys her food for her may have absolutely no idea of the basic concepts behind the maintenance of a regular and restricted sugar intake. Conclusions and Discussion Mrs.J. ‘s case fortunately did have a comparatively happy ending. She accepted the dietician’s advice and proved to be remarkably adept at both managing and manipulating her dietary needs.(Carr et al 2001). It became apparent that part of her confusional state and her dysphasia, was actually due to her hyperglycaemia. As her hyperglycaemia improved and her blood sugar levels returned to more normal levels she rapidly became more communicative. The interpersonal interactions that we referred to earlier, then became both easier and certainly more meaningful. (Stowers et al. 1999). Mrs.J. improved to the point where she was well enough to allow discharge to warden assisted accommodation. Her warden came onto the ward to learn how to help manage the dietary considerations and was able to speak at length to the dietitian. I would like to think that the warden left the hospital as empowered and educated as Mrs.J. was. References Carpenito LJ. 1997 Nursing diagnosis. Application to clinical practice. 7th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Company, 1997. Carr AJ, Higginson IJ. 2001 Are quality of life measures patient centred? BMJ Vol18 Issue 42 2001 Gibbs, G (1988) Learning by doing: A guide to Teaching and Learning methods EMU Oxford Brookes University, Oxford. 1988 Higginson and Carr 2001 Measuring quality of life: Using quality of life measures in the clinical setting BMJ, May 2001; 322: 1297 1300. Holzemer W, Tallberg M, et al, editors. 1994 Informatics: the infrastructure for quality assessment improvement in nursing. Proceedings of the 5th international nursing informatics symposium post-conference; 1994 June 24–25; Austin, Texas. San Francisco: UC Nursing Press, 1994. Howe and Anderson 2003 Involving patients in medical education BMJ, Aug 2003; 327: 326 328. Kuhse Singer 2001 A companion to bioethics ISBN: 063123019X Pub Date 05 July 2001 Marinker M.1997 From compliance to concordance: achieving shared goals in medicine taking. BMJ 1997;314:747–8. Marks-Moran Rose 1996 Reconstructing Nursing: Beyond Art and Science London: Balliere Tindall October, 1996 Meleis A. 1991 Theoretical thinking: development and progress. 2nd edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Company, 1991. Newell and Simon. 1992 Human Problem Solving. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs: 1992. Platt, FW Gordon GH 1999 Field Guide to the Difficult Patient Interview 1999 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp 250 ISBN 0 7817 2044 3 London: Macmillian Press 1999 Roper Logan Tierney 1983 Using a model for nursing Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Stowers K, Hughes RA, Carr AJ.1999 Information exchange between patients and health professionals: consultation styles of rheumatologists and nurse practitioners. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42(suppl): 388S. Taylor. B. J (2000) Reflective Practice: A Guide for Nurses and Midwives. Buckingham: Open University Press. Buckingham 2000 Woolhead G, Calnan M, Dieppe P, et al. 2004 Dignity in older age: what do older people in the United Kingdom think? Age Ageing 2004;33:165–70. Yura H, Walsh M. 1998 The nursing process. Assessing, planning, implementing, evaluating. 5th edition. Norwalk, CT: Appleton Lange, 1998. PDG Word count 1,562 Muhammad Rafiq Azam Architect: Case Study Muhammad Rafiq Azam Architect: Case Study Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction Analysis Climatic condition Architectural theory Clients Culture Materials Discussion Conclusion References Book resources Internet resources Introduction: The purpose of indicting this particular essay is to understand architecture via language especially in term of vocabulary, grammatical structure; both physical and intellectual. Through certain arrangement, it carries message and communicates meanings. Rafiq Azam had been chosen as the target of analysis of self and architecture. Muhammad Rafiq Azam is an award-winning architect. He is also a globally acclaimed architect of vernacular architecture from Bangladesh. Shatotto is an architectural studio led by Rafiq Azam, which specialized in architectural aesthetics inspired by lush, riverine landscape of Bengal delta, and ancient architecture heritage of particular region. South Water Garden is a project by Shatotto which was being executed by Shatotto under the lead of Rafiq Azam. It was an apartment building project which located at United Nations Road, Baridhara diplomatic zone, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is a region not much an exception in term of green. A lake and a narrow strip of green patch on the west of the plot is a fortune. The built area of particular project is about 33600 square feet and had been cost about 576000 US dollar. The particular project was owned by South Breeze Housing and had been completed in 2007. Analysis: In analyzing and theorizing the south water garden imbued architecture quality in term of climatic condition, architecture theory and factors of client, culture and material as well, the analysis depicted that: In term of climatic condition: Apparently, Dhaka undergoes a drastically scorching climate, which characterized as wet, hot and humid climate as it has been categorized under koppen climate classification. Dhaka has been determined as it possess of tropical savanna climate as well. Furthermore, the particular city also has a distinct monsoonal season. In order to design a responsive building, Rafiq Azam had to take account into Dhaka’s climatic conditions as premise. First and foremost, the orientation of building sun screening faà §ade in response to climatic condition of Dhaka is necessarily required in order to reach the standard thermal comfort level in accord to human comfort. Via the analyzing of South water Garden buildings’ plan orientation and building configuration as well, it was obviously to identified and figured out that Rafiq Azam’s intention on creating a parallel configuration. Via the particular array and permutations, the parallel respective building’s blocks tend to act as protective screen in against to direct exposure to summer solstice and winter solstice during the noon. Conclusively, the southern block aids to shade the northern block during the winter solstice, in contrary, the northern block aids to shelter southern block during summer solstice. The incorporation of two hundred square feet of green patch in front of the building on the east road and utilization of large tree and lake on the west as cooling device for the apartment buildings create a balanced interrelation with building configuration in opposing the unstable climatic conditions of Dhaka. Simple interior is connected to beautiful lake and large trees on the west, enabling the south east summer breeze flowing via the entire house. Apart from that, the intention of respective parallel blocks also enables itself to achieve optimal light density for residents’ daily activities. Therefore, sun path effects had been considered as primarily factor as it contributed much i nfluences on building’s comfortability to live. Tactics of Orifice consideration in response to prevailing wind and summer breeze is also a mean to achieve optimal cross ventilation in order to fulfill the human comfort level. The south east and east prevailing wind flow through the house, simultaneously drifting away the heat that gained inside the apartment aid to create a cozy atmosphere inside the apartment buildings. In term of architectural theory: South Water Garden is designed based on phenomenological architecture. Preliminary, looking deep into Dhaka geographical situation as the land characterized with tropical vegetation and moist soils in the primarily was currently being destructed as these all were replaced by construction of multi-storeys building and other real estate developments. Traffic congestion and industrial waste has drastically resulted the deteriorating of air and water pollution. Hence, the regional biodiversity was being demolished. The opposing current aspect of philosophy create trend of creating green in order to preserving extinction of it stimulates local architects to take step into phenomenological architecture especially Rafiq Azam. In response to the particular environment’s situation, an intention of retention among the green and originality of Dhaka’s elemental human experiences, natural features were incorporating into the South Water Garden design in order to create a building design which is concretely defined as â€Å"the place† Dhaka, as well as the South Water Garden residents’ experiences among Dhaka’s originality coincidentally take place in the building. In ground floor plan, Rafiq Azam arranged interior spaces in a simple functional way in order to emphasize on the connectivity between building interior and exterior. By achieving this, he’s skillfully utilizing natural elements such as lake and large trees on the west as transition space that gradually emanating to the surrounding. In contrary, this condition facilitated particular permutation and arrangements of design maneuvering away from abstractions of science and its neutral objectivity as well. In the orizing Rafiq’s architecture via analyzing of South Water Garden roof plan, the imbued intention of connectivity between roof and ground is being emphasized through the two roof tops design of South Water Garden. Incorporation of green living at roof tops is to respond natural elements of rear plot. The continuity of roof tops green to west ground natural features enhances the interrelation of both which then established a strong connectivity among them. Apart from that, the both roof tops of the apartment buildings were created in a way that evidently displays the quality of human experiences of green living as the community green of roof tops which encompassing lawns and bushes subtlety embracing the residents into a sense of Mother Nature. A small pavilion was located poetically at the midst of green community which formed a strong desire toward the nature. This scheme then transformed into a subtropical architectural vocabulary which addressing Rafiq Aza’s concern on shortage of green space in Dhaka. In term of clients Rafiq Azam had been assigned to work with an area of seven thousand five hundred square feet plot. This was a project that formed through the deal between landowner and developer. They both agreed to divide the land in an equal two pieces respectively to construct two six storied buildings of two thousand eight hundred square feet floor area each in order to share equally each. In looking deep into this particular condition, Rafiq Azam’s consideration on requirement that insisted by the clients also influenced much of the design. The clients insisted to put the design into a challenge in terms of creating open green space. In respond to client’s requirement, Rafiq Azam suggested to take forty square feet over seven thousand five hundred square feet from the plot impartially which placing along with eight feet gap of two building respectively, five feet road set back as per rule in order to create a two hundred square feet of green patch in front of the building on the e ast road. This is quite emphasizing of direct residents’ experience toward the buildings as well as the intimacy of natural elements with the users was being created. In term of culture: The richest heritage is formed in neighboring region and lesser developed civilization, as South Water Garden which is located at United Nations Road, Baridhara diplomatic zone. In response to this condition, the arrangement of South Water Garden with no boundary wall notion delivers a more friendly approach toward the local residents. Little pews are placed which delivered a token of respect for pedestrians and community living around. The creation of small pavilion on the roof tops enables gatherings and roof party to be occurred among the neighborhood, which cordially implement the building language co-relation to achieve a hormonal atmosphere amidst the environment. In term of materials: Major buildings in Dhaka, Bangladesh had used brick and concrete as construction materials as these are the most responsive materials to Dhaka’s subtropical climate. In response to surrounding context, exposed brick and concrete are majorly being utilized as construction materials in South Water Garden Apartment. Moreover, the utilization of exposed as cast structural beam and column exterior with terracotta brick in fill is also an approach to subtropical climate of Dhaka that being intended by Rafiq Azam. The selection of materials is quite responsive to human comfort level. Discussion: Rafiq Azam architecture is quite based on experience of space and sensory properties of building materials. This might due to his childhood experiences. By acknowledging that most of the architectural production in Dhaka are dominated on quantitative which driven by profitable motives, he realized that most architect’s keen of sensibility towards a social, ecological and conceptual content is minimized. Growing up in a city which is excessively illustrates segregation of individual architecture as a singular building in a schmooze of materials such as glass, metal, and concrete, there are probably no initiative in thinking much, especially ways of creating an urban which ensemble of various kinds of spaces, which from private to communal, and from hard to green conditions. It was no hard to imagine that with all types of buildings and spatial arrangements coming out of a calculus of market dynamics and borrowed style of architecture. This strictly constricted the architects un til only left with the privilege of addressing buildings with windows. Additionally, Bangladesh has a unique relationship with water, and their sensibilities to its bounty and destruction are a tangible part of the national psyche. The Bangla axiom paanir opor naam jion (water is another life) aptly demonstrate this psychological architecture and the determinative influences of the more than fifty trans-boundary rivers between India and Myanmar, with all their hydrological, social, economic, and political ramifications. With Azams strong impression towards all the impact in his childhood, little wonder then that water bodies are a constant architectural features for Rafiq Azam which is giving out the unrestricted and exposure kind of mood towards the whole city. And his desire to revitalize nostalgia is as ubiquitous in his designs as the water itself in Bangladesh. In his architectural theory, his building is not compendious as the locality, in contrary; it ought to be encompassing of local concretely characteristics or atmosphere which being illustrated via the use of material substances, shape, texture, and color. For instances, the use of cast structural beam and column exterior with terracotta brick in fill is simple way of approach toward subtropical climate of Dhaka as well as the materiality of intimate locality experiences. The consideration of human sensory experiences of building materials is obviously demonstrated through the human comfort responses’ design. In the means of creating spaces, Rafiq Azam allows certain spaces with identical functions to embody a different architectural quality in accord with the local unique characteristics in term of culture and environment conditions. For instances, the local gathering culture was being incorporated into South Water Garden’s roof tops design as the roof pavilion was being created for roof top party. Rafiq Azam attempts to implement his architecture return to things, somehow maneuvering away from abstractions of science and its neutral objectivity. By achieving this, he tries to make things priory happens to be conveys it unique conversations with its place the relevant topic. His design then becomes settlement of different scales in contrasting with surrounding other components. The paths between these subsequently create the Rafiq’s design become secondary defining characteristics of place. The distinction between these conditions offers him the step toward the phenomenological approach. For instances, the emphasis of connectivity inside and outside by Rafiq has been vividly proved via the South Water Garden’s design. Both of the roof tops were created as community green which forms a connection between roof and ground. Conclusion References Book resources Rosa M.F., Kazi K.A. Philip Goad. (2013). Rafiq Azam – Architecture for Green Living. Italy: Skira editore S.p.A. Internet Resources http://www.architecturenewsplus.com/projects/2218 http://archpresspk.com/new-version/Rafiq-azam-book.html http://www.worldarchitecture.org/main/winners.asp?winarchive=11thcyclecyc=11 http://archpresspk.com/new-version/architect-rafiq-azam-interview.html

Review of a Website Essay -- Website Review, Reliable Sources

â€Å"If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday,† quoted Pearl Buck. Most everyone has a time in their life where history becomes important to them. Whether that be tracing back family heritage, writing a research essay, or just out of curiosity. All and all, history is very influential to people’s lives and what better way to learn about history then to visit the website â€Å"Image Archive on the American Eugenics Movement.† This credible website offers an opportunity for the public to learn more about our American history in an interactive and creative way. The creators of the image archive arrange features, cross-referencing and images with the Adobe Flash plug in program in order to enhance learning. The site offers various virtual exhibits that can be explored. The American Eugenics Movement included key events, persons, and social conditions that formed the development. There are nine specific virtual exhibits that are presented: social origins, scientific origins, research methods, traits studied, research flaws, eugenics popularization, marriage laws, sterilization laws and immigration restriction. All of these options show evidence of the development and expansion of The American Eugenics Movement. The first thing most notable about this website was their sense of design. A black ebony background illuminated with old brush style text and decorative graphics, welcomes and invites the visitor to â€Å"Enter† their website. This particular idea is a very artistic way of getting people to interact with their website. It is studied that most people learn better by hands on interaction, instead of reading perhaps plain, boring text. The website is appealing and fairly easy to navigate within the various browsers.... ...hives date back to July 2009. Even twitter and facebook links are offered in order to share information. This was all possible by the Dolan DNA Learning Center producers. In conclusion, the American Eugenics movement website is most beneficial to the public and distributes information appropriately and accessibly. The movement was very influential towards our history today, and it is noted that the information should be easy and fun to learn through this creative and unique website. Every part of information on this site has a reliable source and author which is important when citing a source. Overall, most everyone has a time in their life where history becomes important to them, and with the help of the â€Å"American Eugenics Movement† website, people can continue to correlate history with their lives and learn more about how history changed our world forever.

Humor in Dickens Tale of Two Cities :: essays research papers

A Tale of Two Cities Frequently in literature, humor is added in scenes to make them more interesting and more appealing to readers. Often times underneath the humorous covers lay a much more serious principle. Charles Dickens does exactly this in A Tale of Two Cities, by making slight comedy of issues such as democracy, the lower class, and spousal abuse. In A Tale of Two Cities, the actions of Jerry Cruncher, while essentially very humorless, may seem peculiarly funny to some people. The events that occur in chapter one of book two, concerning Mrs. Cruncher, is an appropriate example of this idea. In this scene, Jerry Cruncher yells at his wife because he thinks she was praying against him. To start with, because of this accusations obvious ridiculousness, it strikes readers as comical. One may even argue that he didn’t actually believe this, but maybe he was just bored and finds joy in harassing his wife. To say such silly things out of boredom also may hit someone as amusing. What generally makes this scene humorous is that Cruncher is so unjustified in yelling at his wife for such an absurd thing, and furthermore, he lacks any real evidence that she was doing what he accuses her of doing. While this scene may seem like a comical one, with a silly husband, it is really calling attention to verbal abuse to wives. It is palpable that Cruncher has no respect whatsoever for his wife. At the time of this book, this was a common situation so either people did not notice the seriousness because of the humor that is masking it, or it was an every day happenning for them. When Cruncher wakes up to find Mrs Cruncher praying (in reality praying for him), he reacts by throwing a muddy shoe at her. This notion may also seem like a funny one to readers. Because the idea of somebody getting hit in the head by a muddy shoe can be humorous, if used in an appropriate situation, such as a TV show or a movie, it may also seem funny in this scene. The realness of the situation can be easily overlooked. When Dickens adds these unexplainable events, it may strike some as funny because his actions are so unjustified and random.

Cause and Effect of Closing Schools Essay

Abstract The consequences of closing schools effects families, teachers, and communities. Misty will explain the effects of schools closing. The effects can be hard on some families and communities. What is affected by closing schools? Closing schools affect families in many ways in one case a charter school closed with only 10 weeks of school left. This school was the George Town, Del charter school. This left the families of this school with a decision on what to do and where to send their children. The transition to others schools or learning environments can be even tougher on the children (Sack,Joetta L,Education week 02774232, 2002,vol 21 issue 38). Families have to make decisions on whether to send their children to a public school or to a private school. The consequences of closing schools do not just affect parents and children it also affects the teachers. A teacher will have to find a new job teaching at a new school. He or she may also have to move in order to have that new job. When a school closes it also affects the communities. The community day care centers, recreational group, and busing route around will be affected. and boundaries will have to be redrawn around surviving school(Shepperd, Robert, Maclean’s, 00249262, 11/09/98 vol. 111, issue 45).closing schools can hurt communities because it can force people to move out of smaller communities into larger ones and the smaller communities can lose money. References Sack,Joetta L.,Education Week 02774232, 2002,Vol 21 Issue 38.Retrieved from academic source database. Sheppard, Robert, Maclean’s, 00249262, 11/09/98, Vol 111, Issue 45.Retrieved from academic source database.

Able Planet Case

Running head: Case 2 Able Planet Case 2 Able Planet Kelly Raines Devry University SBE 560 ? Contents Abstract3 The difficulties entrepreneurs face when raising between over $100,000 for their businesses4 Ways Kevin Semcken can raise $1. 5 million in capital5 Memo to Kevin Semcken7 References9 ? Abstract This paper will analyze Case Study 2 Able Planet. In this case study, Kevin Semcken, Able Planet’s CEO and chairman is seeking capital to finance existing operations for its current products, build a prototype for a new product and market both products to new and current customers (Scarborough, 2012).Furthermore, Able Planet is unable to secure financing from a bank due to a predicament in the economic markets which has all but closed shut the lending opportunities at most commercial banks. Information that will be evaluated includes the following: †¢Why entrepreneurs face difficulties when trying to raise between $100,000 and $3 million for their businesses †¢Ways Ke vin Semcken can raise $1. 5 million in capital by use of both debt and equity financing †¢What should be done before approaching potential lenders and investors in order to maximize the chance of getting needed capital ?The difficulties entrepreneurs face when raising between over $100,000 for their businesses Capital is the lifeline of any business; it supplies the funds to expand, grow and make a promising business idea into a money-making enterprise. However, many entrepreneurs miscalculate how difficult it is to obtain financing for a business venture and get annoyed by this step of the business startup process. Nevertheless, investors and banks have plenty of reasons to be wary of financing especially it involves several thousands of dollars.Some of the reasons that entrepreneurs have issues when trying to raise large sums of capital include: †¢Most small business fail: According to Channon (2012), â€Å"More than 50 percent of businesses fail within the first five y ears of operation. † This makes its difficult to raise capital due to the uncertainty in getting a return on an investment. †¢Unproven Business Model (Channon, 2012): If the business idea is new, then there is no historical data such as sales to show that the business will last. This means that there is no guarantee that the business will repay the loan or increase the investor’s equity. Lack of Coherent Business Plan (Channon, 2012): This will prevent lenders and investors from financing a business. The business plan will give a financial forecast along with market research and a list of competitors. This will allow investors to see an actual financial result that are expected and help them to decide of this is realistic. ? Ways Kevin Semcken can raise $1. 5 million in capital Whether Kevin Semcken is preparing to launch a new product or is trying to grow Able Planet, one thing is for certain; he will need money.Debt and equity financing are two different financia l strategies that can be used to raise capital: Taking on debt means borrowing money for the business, while gaining equity entails injecting his own or other stakeholders’ cash into the business. Mr. Semcken can use debt financing as a means to raise the needed capital. One way to do this is borrowing from a financial institution. This involves loans that have to be paid over time and with interest. Able Planet can borrow money over the short term (less than one year) or long term (more than one year).The chief sources of debt financing are banks and government agencies, such as the Small Business Administration (Rath, 2012). Debt financing presents businesses a tax advantage, because the interest paid on loans is usually deductible. Borrowing also reduces the company's future requirement for loan repayments, because the lender does not obtain an ownership share in the business. However, debt financing also has its disadvantages. New businesses at times find it hard to make regular loan payments when they have uneven cash flow.Thus, debt financing can cause businesses to be susceptible to economic downturns or hikes in interest rates. Carrying too much debt is a problem because it raises the supposed risk associated with businesses, making them unappealing to investors and thereby lowering their capacity to rise future additional funding (Rath, 2012). The other option Mr. Semcken can use is equity financing. Equity financing refers to money attained from investors in exchange for an ownership share in the business.Such funds may come from friends and family members of the business owner, wealthy angel investors, or venture capital firms (Rath, 2012). The main advantage of equity financing is that the business is not required to repay the money. Instead, the investors expect to recover their investment out of future profits. The participation of high-profile investors may also help raise the credibility of a new business. The main disadvantage to this t ype of financing is that the investors become partial owners of the business, and therefore have a say in business decisions.As ownership interests become blurry, managers face a probable loss of independence or control (Rath, 2012). As well, an undue dependence on equity financing may signify that a business is not using its capital in the most constructive way. ? Memo to Kevin Semcken Memorandum To:Kevin Semcken, CEO and Chairman of Able Planet From:Kelly Raines Date:3/24/2013 Re:Steps to take before Approaching Potential Lenders and Investors Money is the livelihood of any business, and at some point, every company is apt to need an outside source to help it grow.Regardless of the amount that you are seeking, you will need to take a few steps before trying to make your case. Here are some steps to you must do before approaching investors or lenders for any amount of money: †¢Gather together the documents that will help you secure funding from a backer and that indicate you a re a good risk (Clifford, 2012). You will need: oA well written business plan, which will shows the backer not only why you want the capital but what you plan to do ith the money; oCash flow projections, which will show lenders and investors if you are able to repay the loan or offer a return on the investment. This will give backers concrete financial data that they can use to assess this risk; oA statement of your personal financial status, which lists your personal assets and debts to give the backer a fuller financial picture; oPast business tax returns: As this business is established and you have past business tax returns, it is a good idea to take them with you to the meeting.They will give the lender/investor a better idea of how your business is doing financially; and oA credit rating report: Your credit rating report shows loan repayment history and will help backers determine if you are a good risk. Additionally you should: †¢Line up your team (Clifford, 2012): This shows that you and the management team are able to execute the ambitious business plan you have presented and pay back your loan or generate a return for investors.Make sure you and your key people can talk about what may be ahead for the business, what the later phases of growth might be, what can go wrong, and how you might handle those things. †¢Practice your presentation (Clifford, 2012): This will include highlighting key areas of your business plan to potential funding sources. Try to find areas of your plan that show what you consider to be the most advantageous to them, and put these attributes into a 15 minute slide show presentation appropriate mainly to the professionals to whom you are presenting.Also study the business plans completely because you never know what questions will be asked, and you want to have answers pertinent to your business model. †¢Finally, research those to whom you will be presenting, produce samples/prototypes of your main product(s) for them to assess, purchase a nice business suit, and conduct the presentation of a lifetime. By following the above steps securing funding for Able Planet should be easy if you are properly prepared for the meeting. ? References Channon, T. (2012). Why is it So Hard to Raise Capital When Starting a New Business?. Ehow.Retrieved August 10, 2012, from http://www. ehow. com/about_7448696_hard-capital-starting-new-business_. html Clifford, C. (2012, June 15). 9 Things Startups Must Know Before Approaching Lenders. Entrepreneur. Retrieved August 10, 2012, from http://www. entrepreneur. com/blog/223818 Rath, T. (2012). Debt and Equity Financing: Two Options for Financing Your Small Business. About. com. Retrieved August 9, 2012, from http://sbinformation. about. com/od/creditloans/a/debtequity. htm Scarborough, N. (2012). Effective Small Business Management. (10th ed. ). (p. 812). Boston, MA: Prentice Hall.