Literary Techniques Used in A Bird Came Down The Walk by...

The speaker observes a bird, which has come down to the Walk. The bird is unaware of the speaker’s presence, which allows the speaker to observe the bird in its natural environment. The bird discovers a worm, and bites it in half, before eating it. The emphasis of the word ‘raw’ serves to highlight the difference between men and birds. A man usually cooks his food/meat, while animals in nature do not feel the need. They are in-tune with nature, and it provides for them, in a harmonious manner. Angelworm begins with a capital letter- this may either serve to personify the worm, or to highlight the importance of ever creature, in nature. Dickson does this several times throughout the poem. Stanza two further emphasises the creature’s harmonious relationship with nature, as the bird ‘drinks’ the dew on the grass. The grass is described as ‘convenient’, as the grass is immediately there to quench the bird’s thirst, without the bird having to hunt for something to drink. The fact that the bird moves sideways in order to make way for the bird, highlights the harmonious relationship that those in nature have. It is also evident that the bird has either had enough to eat, or that he does not eat beetles, as he does not move to attack the beetle. The words â€Å"Grass†, â€Å"Dew† and â€Å"Beetle† all begin with capital letters in the middle, or at the end of, sentences. This highlights the importance of nature in the poem. Nature is given a high status. The bird changes from a relaxed, naturalShow MoreRelatedBibliography Relation to Analysis of Emily Dickinson ´s Writings2048 Words   |  8 Pages Anderson, Paul W. The Metaphysical Mirth of Emily Dickinson. Georgia Review 20.1 Spring 1966): 72-83. Rpt. in Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Jessica Bomarito and Russel Whitaker. Vol. 171. Detroit: Gale, 2006. Literature Resource Center. Web. 14 Feb. 2014. Anderson accomplishes the discernment of Dickinson’s poems and their allusions to many classic myths. He denotes the figurative language that Dickinson utilizes in her poetry to relate to her themes. With these key elements inRead More Poetry Analysis of Emily Dickinson Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Emily Dickinsons The snake, In the Garden, and It bloomed and dropt, a Single Noon—. Emily Dickinson uses nature in almost all of her poetry. She uses many literary techniques in her poems to show her interpretations of nature and the world around her. In the poem The snake she uses imagery in the forms sight and touch. The poem describes the snake as transient or passing swiftly and deceptive or misleading. His appearance is sudden. As the snake moves it divides the grassRead MoreA Dialogue of Self and Soul11424 Words   |  46 PagesTBC02 8/7/2002 04:01 PM Page 46 CHAPTER TWO A Dialogue of Self and Soul: Plain Jane’s Progress a SANDRA M. GILBERT AND SUSAN GUBAR The authors of The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-century Literary Imagination (1979) are both distinguished feminist critics: Sandra Gilbert is a Professor at the University of California, Davis; and Susan D. Gubar a Distinguished Professor of English and Women’s Studies at Indiana University. They have also collaboratedRead MoreIndian English Novel17483 Words   |  70 Pagesconsciousness; as a reaction to break away from the colonial literature. Hence the post colonial literature in India witnessed a revolution against the idiom which the colonial writers followed. Gradually the Indian English authors began employing the techniques of hybrid language, magic realism peppered with native themes. Thus from a post colonial era Indian literature ushered into the modern and then the post-modern era. The saga of the Indian English novel therefore stands as the tale of Changing tradition

Cultural Comparison of America and Japan Free Essays

Different cultural practices affect every area of life, the family dynamic, labor force, education, cultural economics, death, reproduction, religion etc. The cultural practices in the United States are eclectic in many ways considering all the different ethnicities that reside in the U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Comparison of America and Japan or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Japan, the religious views tend to lend towards liberal views on the family dynamic and sexual expression. I intend to compare the differences between the two countries as it relates to sex and gender roles in the family.In terms of comparative cultural characteristics at the cultural map of the world according to the World Value Survey describes Japan as average-high in Self Expression Values. The gender roles in Japanese homes are reverse in comparison to some traditional gender roles in America. Typically the wife handles and completely controls the household finances. She gives her husband a monthly allowance and has total control over the rest of the family’s income.Half of the husbands in one survey reported they were unhappy with the amount of the allowance but could do little if anything about it. Traditionally, in past times, American household income was predominately earned and controlled by the husband in the home. But according to the U. S Department of Labor women comprise 46. 5% of the total U. S labor force and are projected to account for 47% of the labor force in 2016. That being said, the traditional roles in the American home have changed considerably. Women are indeed controlling the finances in the home in contrast to the past.America’s diverse population, different ethnicities, and different religious views lead to mixed views on sexual expression. The Christian religion dominates 85% of the countries population, which sews a strong moral character in their beliefs and practices. This leads to a predominant belief in traditionalism, same sex marriage. In contrast, the Shinto religion of Japan recognizes neither good nor evil, so the concept of sin and personal guilt so commonly associated with sex in western cultures does not exist in Japanese culture.In conclusion, cultural influences largely affect the general populations behaviors and practices. Laying he foundation of family dynamics and religion creates a very definite pattern of behaviors for any one culture.Reference: 1. Inside-Japan. com Home 2. Asayama, Shinichi. 1979. â€Å"Sexuality of the Japanese Youth: Its Current Status and the Future Prospects. † Sex Education Today, 36, 8-16 (in Japanese). 2. Adherents. com 3. Bornoff 1991 p. 14-15, 89-90 4. U. S How to cite Cultural Comparison of America and Japan, Papers

Uniformity of Taxation Penalties in Australia

Question: Discuss about the Uniformity of Taxation Penalties in Australia. Answer: Introduction: It has been seen that inspector of the general taxation is seen to be an independent statutory office which is seen to recognize the various types of the issues which are seen to be related to the administrations of the relevant jurisdictions. They are further seen to be doing a reviewing of the various administrations which were seen to be against the principles of good administration of tax. It has been also seen that the inspector general of the tax is responsible for providing independent advice to the government (De Costa et al. 2015). The different types of the powers and the functions of the inspector general of the taxation is seen to be responsible for recognition of the issues which are seen to be related to the problems associated to the administration of the law. The different types of the review of the elements have been able to focus on the various issues related to the managing against the principles of good tax administration. It has been further seen that the general of the taxation is seen to provide independent advice to the government (Byrnes 2015). The powers and the functions of the inspector general of the taxation is seen to be governed as per the legislations shown below as follows: Inspector general of taxation Act 2003 Ombudsman Act 1976 The general inspector of the taxation act 2003 is seen to provide appointment of the inspector general related to the taxation; on the other hand ombudsman Act 1976 is able to fulfil the needs for the appointment in the overseas students ombudsman, postal industry ombudsman and commonwealth ombudsman (The Australia Institute 2013). Based on the taxation rulings TR 2016/3, the main discussion is seen with the views of the commissioner related to the deductibility of the expenses which is seen to be incurred during the maintaining, modifying, acquiring and developing of the website for the purpose of carrying out necessary business activities with the several types of the expenses which are seen to be associated to the names of the domain. The different types of the ruling of the study has been further able to consider the different sources of the intangible softwares which is seen to be related to the intangible software and the further able to consider the software which has been integrated in the websites for using it online by the website user (Bond and Xing 2015). As per the Section 25-45 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, is able to provide the specific deductions which are seen to be associated to incurring of the losses which the taxpayer has been able to incur arising as the a result of theft, misappropriation caused by an employee and embezzlement as a result of stealing (Avi-Yonah 2014). Yes, based on the several assessment it can be stated that an individual can claim the deductions of membership under the association as per section 8-1 and 25-55 of the IT Assessment Act 1997. Here the individual is seen to make a payment to the members of the association and instance of inability to make the payment of satisfaction as per the requirement of section 8-1 of the income tax assessment act 1997. It has been further seen that the taxpayer is allowed with a deduction of maximum amount of $42, during making payments in relation to the individual associations to which the individuals are seen to be belonging(Hana Yussof 2013). The payment for the compensations associated to the loss, compulsory acquisition or destruction is related to the CGT asset, which will give rise to the CGT event. In case the taxpayer is seen to receive the compensation amounting to a loss of trading stock, the payment shall be treated as a capital proceeds from the disposal of assets (Piketty and Saez 2013). Based on the assessment, in case a taxpayer is seen to be having an income of $30,000 in the income year for taxation, the tax rate of 19c with $1 over 18,200 is seen to be applicable for the total taxable income (SMAILES and MCDERMOTT 2013). The different types of the perspective of the taxation have been able to state on the various types of the implication which are seen to be associated to the earned income by the taxpayer. For example, in case a taxpayer of the financial year is commenced from 1st April 2015 to 31 March 2016, it can be considered as per the income year which is seen to be earned by the taxpayer during the end of the financial year which is seen to end until April 2016 until March 2017(Chalmers et al. 2013). As per the section 4-1 of the income tax assessment act 1997 it has been seen that an individual or a company is seen to be accountable for making the income taxable in nature. The total amount of the taxable income is seen to be calculated by subtracting the amount of the total deductions from the sum of the income which is seen to be assessable as per section 4-15 of the ITAA 1997. The assessable income is seen to be categorized statutory income and ordinary income. As per the 6-5 section of the income tax assessment act income 1997, the ordinary concept has been classified under ordinary income. On the other hand, the 6-10 section of the income tax assessment act income 1997, has been able to state that income does not form a component ordinary income(Besley and Persson 2013). As per the ruling of section 6-5 (2) and section 6-10 (4) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, it has been seen that the income is derived from the various types of other sources which are seen to be related to the assessable income. In addition to this, for individual non-resident the individual taxpayer are to be only considered for the assessment derived from the Australian sources. Therefore, it can be stated that residential status of the taxpayer taken into consideration the assessable income along with the computation of taxable income tax. Based on the taxation rulings 98/17 in the 9th paragraph, an individuals status must be ensured based on the facts which are seen to form a vital part of the IT tax liability determination. The definition of an Australian resident as per section 995-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936, applies to the Australian residents having a place of domicile in Australia(Chardon 2014). The 11th paragraph of the taxation ruling 98/17 has been able to ascertain the ordinary residents representing, that the individuals are seen to be residing permanently in Australia. Based on the case study Julia Jenkins arrived at Australia on 7 January 2017 for a permanent settlement. Therefore, Julia Jenkins has been considered as an Australian occupant for taxation as per the ordinary concept. This has been further seen to be representing an income derived by her which shall be held for tax assessment from the sources confirmed by her (Abdulkarimli 2015). According to section 6-5 of the ITAA 199, the income sourced from the food picking on the two-week stay which should be taken into consideration for the assessable income from the ordinary income. The total purchasing price was seen to be considered from $ 500000, which is paid by Julia for the different items not included by the ordinary income as it has been considered as per the concept of ordinary concept. As per the section 40-30 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, it has been observed that effective anticipation and know the usefulness to fall in the value which should be regarded for the assets which are depreciating. It has been further observed that the depreciation which has been charged against the assets shall be computed by application of either diminishing value method or straight-line method. Based on the present case study, the section 40-70 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 has been seen to apply depreciation with the diminishing method of depreciation which i s used for the taxation purpose. As per the section 8-1 of The Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, based on the depreciation computation(NIEMANN 2013). As per the section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997, the gross sales in form of the part defined by the assessable and the ordinary income. It has been further seen that as per section 8-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, the different types of considerations for the expenditure which has been incurred as per the executing the business activities or the assessable income associated to the allowed deduction in the income. Hence, the expenditures and the salaries are based on the general deductions. As per the section 25-25 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, the expenditure associated to the borrowing can be subtracted for the amount which has been taken into consideration form the production of the assessable income(Emerson and Kraal 2014). It has been further seen to be evident from the case study that the borrowings by Julia form the part of the business from the allowed deductions. The incurred expenditure has been further seen to be associated to the management of the vehicle which must be treated as per the perquisite given to the manager and this must be allowed as per the deductions defined by the section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997. The main form of the expenditure related to the conference for the production of the assessable income must allow for the deductions under the aforementioned section. Based on the section 70 -45 (1) the entire Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, the stock in hand is seen to be valued at cost and sale value or replacement at the year ending. It has been further seen to be evident that the present case study, replacement value or the market value is not seen to be provided and the inventory is seen to be valued as per the cost after the year ending. In addition to this, the expenses associated to the managers wife cannot be considered for the deductions. It has been also seen that the loss in the present year as well as the loss arising out of the theft or stealing is seen to be considered as per the section 25-45 of the ITAA 1997, has shown monetary considerations of the assessable income (Coleman 2013). Based on the given case study, a sum of $10,000 was not considered as per the store accounts; therefore it has been not been included under the assessable income. It has been further stated as per the section 28-12 of the Income Tax assessment Act 1997, has been further seen with computing car expenditure and methods for estimating car expenses based on the deductions allowed. As per the section 28-90 of the Income Tax assessment Act 1997, the expenditure of the car is seen to be computed by the log book and multiple of the sum of expenditure made in the car with the total amount used in the business. As per the given scenario the car expenditure deductions has been computed by making use of the cents per kilometre technique this section 28-25 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. As per the section 25-35 of the Income tax assessment Act 1997, the taxpayer is able to deduct the sum of bad debt amount, the given amount has been further seen to be associated to the assessable income f or the current year or the previous year. In the present case the sum has been included as per the assessable income and the deductions have been allowed for the same (Techera and Klein 2013). The statement associated to the taxable income of Julia has been shown below as following: Reference list: Abdulkarimli, O. (2015) Taxation of E-commerce, Baku State University Law Review, 1, pp. 99109. Avi-Yonah, R. S. (2014) Corporate Taxation and Corporate Social Responsibility, NYU Journal of Law Business, 11(1), pp. 129. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2423045. Besley, T. and Persson, T. (2013) Taxation and Development, Handbook of Public Economics, 5, pp. 51110. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53759-1.00002-9. Bond, S. and Xing, J. (2015) Corporate taxation and capital accumulation: Evidence from sectoral panel data for 14 OECD countries, Journal of Public Economics, 130, pp. 1531. doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2015.08.001. Byrnes, A. (2015) Bills of Rights in Australia. History, Politics and Law, PhD Proposal. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004. Chalmers, J., Carragher, N., Davoren, S. and OBrien, P. (2013) Real or perceived impediments to minimum pricing of alcohol in Australia: Public opinion, the industry and the law, International Journal of Drug Policy, pp. 517523. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.05.002. Chardon, T. (2014) Taxation and superannuation literacy in Australia: what do people know (or think they know)?, JASSA The Fnsia Journal of Applied Finance, (1), pp. 4248. Coleman, D. Y. (2013) Taxation., Kenya Country Review, pp. 121122. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=trueAuthType=ip,uiddb=buhAN=87855587site=ehost-livescope=site. De Costa, C., Douglas, H., Hamblin, J., Ramsay, P. and Shircore, M. (2015) Abortion law across Australia - A review of nine jurisdictions, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 55(2), pp. 105111. doi: 10.1111/ajo.12298. Emerson, C. and Kraal, D. (2014) TAXATION REFORM OPTIONS FOR THE PETROLEUM, GAS AND MINING INDUSTRIES IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA, in Paper presented at the PNG Taxation Research and Review Symposium 29-30 May, 2014 Holiday Inn, Port Moresby, pp. 145. Hana Yussof, S. (2013) Malaysia The Intersection of Accounting and Taxation in Malaysia Issue: Bulletin for, International Taxation, 68(1), pp. 110. NIEMANN, R. (2013) Taxation of Multinational Corporations., Accounting Review. doi: 10.1561/1400000017. Piketty, T. and Saez, E. (2013) Optimal labor income taxation, Handbook of Public Economics, 5, pp. 392474. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53759-1.00007-8. SMAILES, A. and MCDERMOTT, P. M. (2013) The Uniformity Of Taxation Penalties In Australia., Monash University Law Review, 39(1), pp. 213245. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=90278272lang=essite=ehost-live. Techera, E. J. and Klein, N. (2013) The role of law in shark-based eco-tourism: Lessons from Australia, Marine Policy, 39(1), pp. 2128. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2012.10.003. The Australia Institute (2013) Coal and gas mining in Australia Opportunities for national law reform, Technical Brief, 24(24), pp. 147.

Who is afraid of Virginia Woolf Essays - Literature,

Who is afraid of Virginia Woolf? Summary Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Is a 1962 play by Edward Albee . It examines the breakdown of the marriage of a middle-aged couple, Martha and George. Late one evening, after a university faculty party, they receive an unwitting younger couple, Nick and Honey, as guests, and draw them into their bitter and frustrated relationship. The play is in three acts, normally taking a little less than three hours to perform, with two 10-minute intermissions . It won both the 1963 Tony Award for Best Play and the 1962-63 New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for Best Play. While other plays establish the difference between reality and illusion, it starts out with the latter but leans to the former. More specifically, George and Martha have evaded the ugliness of their marriage by taking refuge in illusion. The disappointment that is their life together leads to the bitterness between them. Having no real bond, or at least none that either is willing to admit, they become dependent upon a fake child. The fabrication of a child, as well as the impact its supposed demise has on Martha, questions the difference between deception and reality. As if to spite their efforts, the contempt that Martha and George have for one another causes the destruction of their illusion. This lack of illusion does not result in any apparent reality. Taqeya Ali 20122062

Yoshino Paper

Yoshino Paper Yoshino Paper Bryan Johnston 9/13/12 Intensive College Composition 1 So what does race really mean? Most people just think that ones race is determined by the color of their skin or how they look. This is not the case; the way a person acts determines their race as well. It is very hard to put a finger on what Yoshino thinks â€Å"race† really is. He was taught at a young age to assimilate into the American society. He was told to be proud of his Japanese heritage, but to act completely American in America and completely Japanese in Japan(Yoshino 300). This is sad but true; society doesn’t mesh too well with things out of the norm. Everyone and everything is forced to assimilate to what society proclaims is â€Å"acceptable† in this day and age. On the contrary racism is like a mirror. For example in the U.S the majority is white and the Asians are considered a minority, but in Japan the whites are the minority. They are forced to assimilate to their culture. In America, Asians are stereotyped as v ery smart. On the opposite end in Asia, whites are considered to be less intelligent(Yoshino 303). Yoshino talks about how different hairstyles are associated with certain races, especially in the Rogers vs. American case. In the 1980’s American Airlines said that none of their workers were permitted to wear their hair in braids. Rogers found this highly racist, and brought the company to court. She did not end up winning this case, but American had no logical defense as to why braids were

Earthly vs. Earthy

Earthly vs. Earthy Earthly vs. Earthy Earthly vs. Earthy By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between earthly and earthy? Once upon a time, they were synonymous, but now, though there isn’t exactly a world of difference between the two terms, they have distinct meanings. Earthly is an adjective that refers to life on Earth, as opposed to extraterrestrial or spiritual existence. Earthy, by contrast, though it is superficially similar to earthly in its senses, denotes practicality, simplicity, or roughness, coarseness, or crudeness. Flavor, odor, or texture suggestive of soil, mundane matters and plain styles, and ribald humor are all described as earthy. Synonyms for earthly include earthbound, mundane (itself derived from the Latin word for world), terrestrial and terrene (both the former, a common word, and the latter, rarely employed, are descended from the Latin term for earth), and worldly; these terms, with the exception of earthbound, all relate to nonspiritual matters rather than extraplanetary ones. The noun from which both earthly and earthy developed is itself rich in meaning and has inspired numerous idiomatic phrases, including several that suggest the sense of earthly: Someone described as down to earth is realistic and sensible; a person described as being the salt of the earth is solid and reliable, and an earth mother is one with nurturing qualities, suggesting that she is an extension of the world, which provides all that humans need to live. And if someone says to a friend named Joe, â€Å"Earth to Joe, Earth to Joe,† the expression suggests that Joe is an astronaut in orbit and the speaker is an earthbound person sending a radio message to Joe to remind him that he figuratively needs to return to Earth’s surface and come to his senses. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and FingersTreatment of Words That Include â€Å"Self†

Sharia Law in Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sharia Law in Islam - Essay Example Moreover, they argue that the set of rules given in Sharia are not necessarily extremists and that there are positive reasons behind them. This paper contains some Sharia-opposing charges from a modern point of view, which are retaliated by Sharia-supporting facts taken from various sources (Maqsood; Cohen; Ali). One of the main criticisms of Sharia is the extremism regarding punishment for those who have sinned. Many believe that it is inhumane to cut off the hands of thieves or to throw stones at those who have committed adultery. They prefer giving such sinners sentences to prison or some other forms of legal punishments, instead of such brutal acts of violence. However, those who believe this are not well informed about the exact Sharia law concerning such offenders. According to Sharia, such measures are usually the only extreme penalty taken (if the offender’s hand is cut off, no other penalty will be given to him/her). Some Muslims even feel that this punishment is justified because they feel more sympathy for the victims of theft, rather than the thief. However, Sharia is not so strict, due to the fact that this punishment is not given to those stealers who prove that they have stolen only because they were in dire need. Although cutting the hands of the offender might seem har sh, Muslims believe that this measure prevents further such acts from happening. The Middle East, where Sharia is mostly practiced, does not contain one-handed people. This shows how effective such a punishment is in warning potential thieves, and why Sharia is considered so important in Islam (Maqsood). Another charge brought against Sharia is the punishment given to women who have had an illicit affair. For instance, there was a case of a woman in Nigeria who was in danger of being stoned by angry villagers because she was accused of adultery.However, after being taken into custody and judged by Sharia law, she was given a chance to appeal and explain herself.

Austrian and Post-Keynesian Criticisms of the Standard Neoclassical Essay - 1

Austrian and Post-Keynesian Criticisms of the Standard Neoclassical View of the Competitive Process - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the neo-classical view of the competitive process believes that the perfectly competitive approach it describes the essence of capitalist competition in the market. The attributes of the process are viewed as exceptional and typically arising from government intervention, which includes protection and nationalization. The criticism points out that the basic motivator of the capitalist process, competition, ensures that if any firm enjoys super-normal profits, rivals will soon enter to bid away those profits. They will succeed to undermine any temporally market dominance that the incumbent enjoys. According to Nolan, Post Keynesians school of thought has been criticized by many schools on the issue of economic policies of the evolution of power operating in the capital market. They argue that the changes in the strength of demand cause changes in the level of prices with the respect to costs. These changes tend to have a strong influenc e on the society propensity to save or to consume and thereby changing the level of effective demand to make it correspond with the available supply. Thus, capitalism naturally initiates full employment level provided the income distribution adjustment is allowed to adjust itself to the economy. In the short run, some kind of Keynesian policies will be required but the process will be essentially governed by price flexibility relatively to wage costs. The post-Keynesian believes that the changes in the strength of demand cause changes in the level of prices with the respect to costs. These changes lead to the great influence on the consumer propensity to save or to consume and thereby changing the level of effective demand to make it correspond with the available supply. On the other hand, the Austrian school of thoughts has received criticism on the way they view the strength of demand. They argue that market participants who obtain more and more on accurate and complete perfect kn owledge depend on potential demand and supply preferences.

Declaration of Independence Essay Example for Free

Declaration of Independence Essay Thomas Jefferson effectively uses anaphora and asyndeton to declare the separation of the British Colonies from British rule in the Declaration of Independence. The use of â€Å"We† in the Declaration of Independence represents the concrete will of the American People to take action in an effort to remedy the many grievances of the colonies against the British Crown. Thomas Jefferson incorporates the idea that the colonies were united in their cause: Independence from the British monarchy. The constant repetition of the anaphora becomes more and more serious until Jefferson declares, â€Å"We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and Hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind. † His emphasis on the fact that this document represents the will of the people to take actions immediately against King George III for denouncing their separation reinforces the colonies’ aspiration for their own independent country in the strongest way possible. As a united country, the United States is bound to have its own policy and way of government. Jefferson implies â€Å"that as Free and Independent states, they have full power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce† like any other independent state. The asyndeton stresses the contrasting ideas between a monarchial country and a democratic country; it helps to build the colonies as an ideal society in the eyes of the reader in an attempt to garner support from both the many intellectuals and politicians in Europe and the entirety of the population of the colonies. The goal was to obtain military and monetary support from abroad and loyalty at home by appealing to the readers’ sense of unity. The Declaration of Independence, a list of many grievances for independence, criticizes the British King’s imbalanced rule and policy over the American Colonies. Thomas Jefferson uses passion and logic devices to depict King George III as a corrupt leader among American Leaders and supporters. Jefferson states that the king â€Å"has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. † When Jefferson gets to this section of the declaration he lists out the many grievances of the colonials. However, he does not make a simple list. Instead, he uses repetition and extreme specificity to describe every crime committed. This not only makes the list seem longer, but also depict the King as a beast bullying his feeble victim. The over exaggeration of this line is essentially propaganda against the King, creating a common hatred of King George III among all the American people. The Declaration of Independence also logically discusses the King’s crime in the American Colonies. The King â€Å"has kept†¦standing armies without the consent of† it’s â€Å"legislatures† and â€Å"for Quartering large bodies of armed troops among† them. These logical accusations present the king as a common enemy among the American people and abroad. Jefferson appeals to both a reader’s logic and passion in vilifying King George III and fanning the flames of rebellion. He gives specific examples of the King’s crimes, while phrasing them in an extremely emotionally charged manner. A passionate idea forms when reading the declaration of independence, and it serves as the catalyst of an all out war for American Independence is the ignition of a all out war for America’s Independence.

The Future In Technology Essay -- essays research papers

Can you imagine a machine so big it dwarfs entire planets? Can you imagine a machine with a single goal, a single purpose? Can you see it, hovering in space, blotting out the stars, so big it bends thought? Can you imagine a machine so complex that no human has ever even tried to understand it, and yet the machine exists because humans built it in the first place? A machine consisting of entire worlds, entire ecosystems powered by chemicals and energy regulated by computers that build and program themselves. Imagine these worlds connected by transport and communications systems, always kept up to date automatically, and modified as needed by the people who live in these habitats. Can you imagine a machine that makes money obsolete, anything you need is anticipated designed and made ready as fast as physically possible? Can you imagine this machine whose soul purpose is to keep hundreds of millions of multiplying people alive and happy at all times, growing bigger and bigger, growing more complex in the race to stay functioning, replacing its own parts by better parts designed by the machine itself, making it able to design and build even more complex parts, until the machine curves in on perfection, but never really reaches it. Can you imagine a machine with these capabilities being forced to purify and expand itself in order to fulfill trilli ons of people's needs? Can you see it being forced to build computers fast enough to plot every atom in a planet simply to manage th...

Hebrew Israelites Essay

A psychologist is planning to conduct a study that would examine pathological liars and the quality of their romantic relationships. You have been asked to provide the psychologist with a recommendation for which research method should be used to gather data on the pathological liars and their spouses. Using the table below list each research method and its advantages and disadvantages for use in this study. Make your recommendation to the psychologist and explain the rationale behind your choice. Your response should be 100-200 word After reading and understanding the 5 methods of research, my recommendation would be to use a combination of naturalistic observation and case study. Being that the research will be done on pathological liars and the quality of their romantic relationship, I thought the best way to get true research would be to go the more natural ways. Naturalistic observation is observing the participant in their everyday life, and what better way to understand someone’s relationship then seeing how they interact on a day to day basis. There are also, disadvantages to naturalistic method, the participants may not act as they would do normally, and since this research is on pathological liars, that may not be fully affective. That is where I believe using the case study method would be helpful, using different methods, such as interviewing the spouses separately and preforming psychological tests.

Example Solution Manual Essay

PESTEL analysis is a useful starting point for environmental analysis, encouraging students to think wide. Exhibit 2.2 provides an initial PESTEL analysis of the airline industry, giving students the general idea. The first question asks for additional elements in the analysis. For example, under Political, you might add subsidies for local airports; under Economic, you might add the rise of Asian economies; and under Legal, you could add the trend towards airline privatisation. A key danger to highlight is of long lists of forces or influences that are too unwieldy for practical action. So the second question challenges students to assess which of the forces are likely to be of most significance in driving industry change. Here students should justify their views in terms of the evidence from the past and the likely impact in the future of any particular influence. The end-chapter case example on the European brewing industry also asks students to do a PESTEL analysis. Illustration 2.2 Scenarios Scenarios help students think long term and very broadly: here the World Economic Forum and its members are looking a decade ahead, and thinking about geo-economics in general as well as just the market in a narrow sense. The question asks about whether companies have more influence over government policy or geo-economics. It then goes on to ask about how companies might influence government. This also obviously touches on issues of corporate social responsibility, pursued in Chapter 4. Companies probably do have more influence on policy coordination, but the issue is which governments they should be talking to (the United States, China?) and whether it is only governments that matter (United Nations, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organisation?). They should also consider how they can best influence governments, individually or collectively through, for example, the World Economic Forum or the Business Roundtable, the group of CEOs of leading American corporations. To some extent, the power is likely to be exercised negatively: through lobbying against and criticism of  proposals for financial re-regulation. It is worthwhile also asking about the influence these corporations can have themselves on geo-economic shifts: some Western company headquarters are shifting away from their home-countries, for example, the global headquarters of American civil engineering conglomerate Halliburton moved to Dubai and Swiss/Swedish engineering company ABB moved its global robotics business headquarters to Shanghai. Illustration 2.3 The Steel Industry The steel industry provides a fairly easy-to-understand case of rapid structural change, and one led by industry actors. Understanding how the leading companies are making an impact helps to counter a risk of ‘determinism’ in Porterian analyses; in other words, a sense that structures are given rather than changeable. The first question particularly invites a comparative analysis using the radar-plot introduced in Exhibit 2.5. The radar-plot might look roughly like the following, with the continuous lines indicating rough positions in around 2000 (10 years earlier than the illustration) and the dotted lines indicating positions in 2010. The comparative positions highlight the increasing power of suppliers such as the iron ore producers (negative); the high power of sophisticated buyers, somewhat mitigated by the declining power of the Big Three (mildly positive perhaps); and the beginning of decreased rivalry (positive) as the larger steel companies such as Mittal try to consolidate the industry. It might be said that the new entry threat has stabilised and even reduced, though continued investment by Chinese players may increase rivalry especially if they turn to overseas markets. Overall, comparing the size of the two radar plots over time suggests only a marginal change in favour of the steel producers. With regard to the second question, the acquisition strategies seem driven by the desire to reduce rivalry by reducing the number of players and even capacity. You might ask students what is necessary to make this work: here you might highlight the importance for reduced rivalry of both simultaneous cuts in capacity investments by, for example, the Chinese and strong barriers to new entry. With regard to the third question, success in raising barriers to entry (e.g. through technological change) and in  reducing rivalry (through continued consolidation) would make the industry more attractive. Vertical integration strategies into sources of supply (e.g. iron ore) would help too. A potential negative is significant progress with substitute materials. This depends on technological progress, hence providing a useful link between the Porter 5 Forces and PESTEL. Illustration 2.4 Chugging in the Charity Sector The aim of this Illustration of course is to show that industry structure analysis is relevant to not-for-profits as well. Indeed, charities appear ruthlessly competitive – hence the High Street chuggings. The first question points to at least three of the Porterian forces as causing problems: (i) There are low barriers to entry, with ‘constant refreshment’ of the industry by new charities; (ii) there is strong buying power on the part of local authorities commissioning services; (iii) there is intense rivalry because of the number of competitors and tendency towards overlap and duplication of charitable services. In addition, they face substitutes in the form of local authorities and other agencies performing services in-house, but at this point the trend in that respect was in their favour. The suppliers of funds – donors – have many alternative charities to give to. The mergers and increasing concentration levels (the largest are growing fastest) imply growing industry consolidation. At the moment, the industry structure might be described as highly competitive, but there may be widespread advantages to it moving towards a more oligopolistic situation. Illustration 2.5 Cycles of Competition The ‘wisdom’ in strategy theory has been that competitiveness is about building up a long-term competitive advantage and then defending it against competitors. The idea of cycles of competition takes a more dynamic view as to how competition in an industry will work its way out over time. It also highlights the potentially destructive nature of competition (at least from the point of view of industry players) and the value of trying to avoid it. Indeed, a key point is that these competitive cycles are not inevitable. Signaling to competitors, and interpreting the signals of others’  competitive moves, can help avoid head-on competition. Retaliation (Section 2.3 under barriers to entry) is a key principle here, as are the basics of game theory (Chapter 3). With regard to question 1, Francotop might have slowed down or rebuffed entirely Deutschespitze’s invasion of the French market by retaliating hard against its initial move: even though the youth niche was not so important to Francotop, a determined response there would have signalled the likelihood that attacking the core French market would be so fiercely opposed that it might not be worth Deutschespitze’s while even to try. With regard to question 2, Francotop would have been hard-pressed to avoid escalating competition in the business market. However, one possibility might have been for Francotop to focus on a particular neglected niche (say the small firms segment). By signaling clearly through advertising or similar that this niche was the extent of their ambitions, Francotop might have encouraged Deutschespitze to concentrate on its best opportunities, leaving the French get on with their specialism in peace. Illustration 2.6 Key Debate: How Much Does Industry Matter? This debate addresses an enduring source of controversy in strategy research, and allows students to review the importance of the contents of Chapter 2 (particularly the ‘five forces’), at the same time as introducing the more internally focused issues of Chapter 3 that follows. For Porter, industry matters a lot. The sceptic might argue ‘he would say that, wouldn’t he’? After all, this is exactly what his training in industrial economics and the standard products of his consulting firm would favour. However, the important thing here is to recognise the extent of the research he (and collaborators such as Anita McGahan) draw upon to make their case. It is worth pointing out to students that strategy theories are more than ‘just theories’: there is solid empirical research involved too. When meeting a new theory, students should get used to asking: where is the research evidence? What the research seems to suggest is that an industry is no t the be-all and end-all, but that choosing an attractive industry is a very good starting point in strategy: industry accounts for about two-fifths of the explained variance in the Porter and McGahan study (leaving aside control variables etc.). Turning to the precise question, the kinds of industries  that influence members’ profitabilities more than others seem generally to be service industries (explaining the greater industry effects in the Porter and McGahan study than in Rumelt’s). But to go on from here, industry influences are most likely to be strongest in highly competitive and mature industries. In such industries, sources of firm-specific differentiation are likely to be few, easily imitated and easily competed away, so making it hard to earn above-normal profits. At the same time, standard recipes for competing would have been established, so only the incompetent would perform substantially below the norm (and competition should have eliminated most such incompetents by the industry maturity stage). These conditions would probably prevail in service industries such as hotels, restaurants and retail. Newer industries are likely to offer more scope for innovation and differentiation, and have fewer commodity competitors and suppliers, so allowing persistent variability in profitability. Video Questions Hiscox Hiscox is a specialist insurer in the Lloyds of London insurance market. The company specialises in niche areas such as property and casualty insurance for high net worth individuals and companies, as well as cover against such risks as hacking, kidnapping and satellite damage. The video case is quite complicated, so best viewed after a thorough working through of the chapter material. 1.The industry is facing more buyer power, with the rise of online price comparison sites. On the other hand, there is a process of consolidation with the rise of ‘consolidators’ (companies such as Resolution), who are acquiring weaker companies in order to build position. This is likely in the long term to reduce rivalry. Major failures such as that of the American giant AIG (American Investment Group) are likely to reduce rivalry too. It is clear that general recessionary pressures are also influencing the market at the time of the video, reducing demand and likely to make it more price-sensitive. 2.Hiscox has a specialist position, aside from companies like AIG or the general insurers that Resolution is trying to buy, and its power in its niche is reinforced by its brand (well known in the United Kingdom). It also has the advantage of having both an underwriting (issue of insurance policies) and investment business, which mean that Hiscox is protected from short-term cycles or crises in one part  of the business, probably helping to buffer it from price competition in the short term too. Assignment 2.1 PESTEL Analysis PESTEL analysis is a useful starting point for environmental analysis. Illustration 2.1 provides a model. A ‘blank’ of the basic template of illustration 2.1 can be provided to students who can then be asked to complete it for the forces at work in a particular industry. The danger is that long lists of forces or influences can be generated by this device. So the second question challenges students to assess which of the forces are likely to be of most significance in driving industry change. Here students should justify their views in terms of the evidence from the past and the likely impact in the future of any particular influence. See the discussion of the PESTEL for the end-chapter case on the European brewing industry for an example. Assignment 2.2 Building Scenarios Assignment 2.2 requires students to focus on change in industry characteristics and competitive forces through the construction of scenarios. Guidelines for the construction of scenarios are given in Section 2.2.2 it is recommended that students follow these, building either two or four scenarios for a given industry. The work done in Assignment 2.1 should provide the bases of identifying the key industry forces or influences which will enable them to do this. Some of the problems of scenario building should be emphasised to students: Students may try to build in too many factors and, therefore, not be able to limit the number of scenarios. They may find difficulty in generating scenarios with a coherent and compatible set of factors. Some may be wary of having to exercise judgement; and others will confuse judgement with hunch. Try to encourage a realistic debate that tests out assumptions and projections against known facts and trends. A particularly useful exercise is to ask stude nts to build scenarios for an industry for which there is a company case (or for their own industry/company if possible) and then to assess the company’s strategic position in the light of the different scenarios (e.g. see the notes above on the brewing industry). One of the issues that might surface is the ease  or difficulty with which scenarios can be constructed. It usually emerges that scenarios are much easier to construct where the number of key forces at work in an industry is relatively few. They are less easy to construct if the number of important forces is high because the number of variables the student is trying to handle becomes too great. This, in turn, raises another issue. Scenarios are of particular use in uncertain environments as a means of helping managers to think through possible futures. However, uncertainty may arise for a number of reasons. If uncertainty arises because of the unpredictability of a few forces, then arguably scenarios may be very helpful, but what if uncertainty arises primarily because there are a large number of forces at work: to what extent are scenarios of use in such circumstances? There are a limited number of very important forces at work in the brewing industry: but what of fast-moving hi-t ech industries where there are many different forces at work? Assignment 2.3 Five Competitive Forces Five forces analysis is an absolutely fundamental technique in strategy. Section 2.3 should give students the ability to carry out a basic five forces analysis of any industry. They should be encouraged to consider all of the elements of each of the five forces: so for example, under barriers to entry, scale and experience effects, channels, retaliation and so on. The radar-plot technique of Exhibit 2.5 should only be used as a summary once the full analysis is complete; the danger is of it being used to short-circuit the analysis. Students should be expected to do more than simply list elements; they should clearly identify the implications (positive or negative) of each. The second question about conclusions for industry attractiveness should underline the importance of drawing out implications, rather than just listing. Assignment 2.4 Comparisons between Industries and Over Time This assignment allows students to build on Assignment 2.3 in order to consider the investment implications of differences between industries and change over time. The assignment is a substantial one if relying on students’ own research. However, time can be saved if two case studies are used (e.g. brewing, pharmaceuticals or hi-fi, perhaps looking backwards at  change over the past three to five years, rather than change in the future). Similarly, students may save time by using the radar-plot technique (Exhibit 2.5), as in the discussion of Illustration 2.3. It is important to note the two follow-up questions. Explicitly asking for justification helps students avoid the superficial analysis which is easy to do with five forces. Asking the question about investment helps students think about concrete implications, again something that five forces analyses often neglect. By looking over time, students will learn to be cautious about investing in industries with declining attractiveness. By comparing industries, students can also consider industry attractiveness in their diversification decisions, an issue picked up in Chapter 7. At the same time, it is worth countering the implications of five forces analysis with two thoughts: Industries that are highly attractive are likely to have high barriers to entry, so the costs of entry may outweigh the benefits of entering. An industry that is becoming relatively unattractive may be neglected by competitors, and, if you enjoy a strong competitive advantage in that industry, it may still be a source of profit to you. Assignment 2.5 Strategic Groups This assignment builds on the notion of strategic groups and strategic space outlined in Section 2.4.1 in the text. Figure 2.8 provides an example of how the exercise could be carried out. This could, for example, be applied to the European brewing industry: Key strategic dimensions might come under either of the scope or resource commitment characteristics in Section 2.4.1 – for example, product range or extent of vertical integration. Possible key strategic dimensions in the European brewing industry might include geographical coverage, strength of brands, diversification, size of firm, type of distribution, and so on. Students are encouraged to draw more than one strategic group map if they believe that more than two dimensions are important. It is useful to ask them to consider the extent to which different bases of such maps give rise to similar or different configurations. They might find, for example, that however the maps are drawn up, some companies always tend to end up in the same groups. In other words, some companies may have a very similar set of strategic characteristics along many dimensions. Students are asked to examine the  strategic group maps to see if there are any under-populated ‘white spaces’ in the industry. For example, in brewing, is there an opportunity for a giant specialist in making ‘own brand’ beer for the large retailers? However, students should assess carefully why there are few competitors in any such white spaces. White spaces can often turn out to be dangerous ‘black holes’ rather than attractive opportunities. Assignment 2.6 Critical Success Factors and the Strategy Canvas It is very likely that students will concentrate on success factors that are salient to them as consumers – for example, the product ranges of a clothing retailer. Less visible elements, such as ownership by a diversified parent company, may be neglected. However, for a short assignment, this need not matter too much: the essence is comparison in order to identify areas of (potential) competitive advantage. The key insight of a strategy canvas is to encourage competitors to compete where it is relatively easy to secure a significant advantage (Blue Ocean), and not necessarily to compete fiercely over the top-rated success factors if advantage can only be obtained at very considerable cost (Red Ocean). You can introduce less visible, but strategically significant elements after they have done their basic analysis. Integrative Assignment Full Analysis of an Industry or a Sector This assignment would be a demanding research project over a significant part of the course. It is however a very good test of students’ ability to apply tools to real data appropriately, as well as developing their research skills. Students will see it as practical and, if allowed a choice of sectors, relevant to their own interests. Good research resources are essential. As well as free web-based resources such as company reports, trade association statistics and some government or supra-governmental (EU, UN) reports and statistics, students would likely need limited-access resources such as the business press and journals available through BusinessSource Premier, Factiva or Proquest, and reports from organisations such as Euromonitor, Key Notes and Mintel. Your institution’s librarian will advise you on what is available to students and how proficient they are likely to be in using such sources. You would also want to guide students  on which industries or sectors to choose. Very broad industries – for example, the world airline industry – are likely to overwhelm students with data. It might be helpful to encourage focus – for example, the airline industry in India, or similar. Industry focus also reduces the risk of plagiarism. There are many student assignments of a similar nature available for a fee on the web, and it would definitely be wise to avoid allowing students to research the same industries in successive years. Requiring a specific focus on particular themes (e.g. internationalisation) or some less common concepts (e.g. the strategy canvas, cycles of competition etc.) can also reduce plagiarism. Insisting on precisely citing sources for key data and points (through an end-note system or similar) makes simple plagiarism harder too, as well as being good practice. If allowed, students will find very helpful a couple of example assignments from previous years to guide them roughly on what they are supposed to do. A report length limit of around 2000–2500 words would encourage students to focus on what is really important. Requiring an ‘executive summary’ would also force students to consider what is really important and what are the key implications. Over a two semester course, this assignment could be stage one of a two-part assessment regime; the second semester could have as an assignment asking students to consider implications of the first part for the strategy of a particular company in the original industry or sector. Case Example The European Brewing Industry This case focuses on the key techniques of PESTEL and five forces analysis that are central to this chapter. Full cases such as the pharmaceutical industry can be used develop students’ skills in seeing trends in industry data and drawing conclusions as to the likely impact of those trends on particular companies in an industry. PESTEL Here it would be helpful to ask the students to draw on wider knowledge or research (you may have beer drinkers from many countries in your class). Depending on how extensive students’ additional research and thinking are, a wide-range of issues may be raised. To highlight some for the purposes of illustration: Political: government campaigns against drink driving Economic: the rise of the Asian economies Social: rise of beer consumption in southern Europe Technological: few clear in the case, but innovations around products such as ice-cold lager might be raised Environmental: few clear in the case, but packaging issues are likely to be important Legal: few clear in the case, but changes in licensing laws and permitted alcohol limits for driving are relevant. PESTELs can often seem somewhat inconclusive, so it is important to pull out key issues and conclusions. The increasing hostility to drinking (under P and L) and the rise of Asian economies and southern Europe (under E & S) seem particularly important trends. One way of drawing some simple conclusions is to assess the overall balance (positive or negative) under each of the PESTEL headings: in the case of the European brewing industry, most of the headings are likely to be negative. The Five Forces There has traditionally been a wide variation of industry structures across Europe. The United Kingdom is fairly competitive. Denmark, Holland, Italy, Belgium and France, on the other hand, have been in near monopoly situations. However, with increasing exports and imports and cross-border acquisitions, national markets are becoming less protected. An interesting issue, then, is at what level to conduct industry structure analysis. If at a European level, the broad issues to consider under each of the five forces are as follows: Buyers: With more than one fifth of beer sold through supermarkets, and increasing resort to ‘own-label’, these buyers are increasingly powerful (underline that buyers are not the ultimate consumers). Suppliers: The high concentration of the packagers suggests that these are becoming increasingly powerful. Substitutes: Wine is clearly a dangerous substitute. New entrants: Internationalisation through M&A and increased trade is introducing new entrants into previously protected markets: most countries see increasing imports (Table 2). Anheuser-Busch and SABMiller are two obvious new entrants into Europe. Students might be alerted to the potential threat of TsingTao and the other Chinese brewers. Although not prominent in the case, there is still the potential of small new brewers entering using micro-breweries or contract brewers (e.g. Cobra). Rivalry: falling demand,  international entrants and over-capacity obviously increase the scope for rivalry. However, note that sales values are rising, that innovation and branding can mitigate price-competition, that there has been a history of price-fixing cartels, and that leading players are attempting consolidation through M&A. It might be useful to ask the students to compare industry concentration ratios in 2000 and 2009: that is, the share accounted for the top three or five players (Tabl e 3). As ever, it is important to draw conclusions. On balance, the European brewing industry does not seem attractive, and unlikely to become more so until the current round of consolidation is completed and brewers achieve greater leverage against their buyers and suppliers. Impact on Particular Brewing Companies The three companies are chosen to represent different types of ‘player’. A–B InBev is the largest player, after a succession of spectacular mergers. It is remarkable how the company is withdrawing from fast-growing China and Eastern Europe, however. Greene King is tiny in comparison to A–B InBev, with just one key domestic market, the United Kingdom. However, domestic focus and its own pubs may be giving it a strongly defended local position. You might ask whether there are competitors who might be tempted to buy such a company. Tsing Tao is the wild-card here. It is strong in its booming home market, but it is also interested in moving overseas. But would it make Europe a priority region for expansion, or choose another market?

Mumia Abu-Jamal essays

Mumia Abu-Jamal essays For the last twenty years, a man has been locked up twenty-three hours a day in prison, denied contact visits with his family, and had his mail illegally opened by prison authorities. Now, one may ask, What is wrong with this? This seems typical for the treatment of a guilty convict. In this particular case however, many believe that this man, Mumia Abu-Jamal, is innocent, and has been yet another victim of the corruption and racism of the United States judicial system. In December 1981, Abu-Jamal was working as a cab driver when he came upon a cop beating Abu-Jamals brother with a flashlight. Abu-Jamal ran out to help his brother. There was a struggle, and both Abu-Jamal and the police officer, Daniel Faulkner, were shot. Witnesses saw one or more men run from the scene. When police officers arrived, Faulkner was dead. The officers then beat Abu-Jamal before taking him to the hospital. Suspiciously, it took them over half an hour to reach it. Due to fabrication of evidence and police manipulation of witnesses, Abu-Jamal was found guilty, in September 1982, of the murder of Philadelphia police officer Daniel Faulkner. The trial and sentence were both terribly unjust, because there was truly not enough evidence against Abu-Jamal to actually convict him. The prosecution claimed that the shot that killed Faulkner came from Abu-Jamals .38-caliber gun. Abu-Jamal was legally registered to carry the gun as a nighttime cab driver. This claim of the prosecution contradicts the medical examiners report that the bullet removed from Faulkners brain was a .44-caliber. This fact was kept from the jury during the trial. Moreover, a ballistics expert examining the case found it absurd that police who had been at the scene failed to test Abu-Jamals gun to see if it had been recently fired, or to test Abu-Jamals hands for gunpowder residue. One of the most powerful claims of the pros ...

A Study Of Preoperational Stage As Given In Child Development Theory

A Study Of Preoperational Stage As Given In Child Development Theory The Preoperational Stage The Preoperational stage is one out of four Piaget Stages. It occurs during the ages of two to seven years. There are limitations to the child’s thoughts during this stage. What the child sees is automatically what is real, to them. This stage is a very visual stage for a child. During this stage, children have a lack of conservation, no identity constancy and egocentrism. There is a lack of conservation among children during this time of their life. According to Piaget, conservation is basically the amount of a substance remains the same no matter if it changed its shape or form. Children do not have the ability to understand â€Å"conservation.† An example of a children’s lack of conservation skills, is when a child is shown two glasses of milk with the same amount. Then the adult will pour one glass of milk into a larger, thin one. The child will usually say that the larger, thin glass of milk has more liquid than the first glass, when in fact they are both the same amount. Children cannot grasp the fact that a task can be reversed. Children during this age usually look at what they think looks the best. They will usually pick the item that is most visually appealing, which is called Centering. Centering will affect Class Inclusion: â€Å"the understanding that a general category can encompass several subordinate elements† (Bels ky 147). Kids will not look at the bigger picture, and will jump into conclusions rather quickly than an older person would. Conservation is something a child will learn, as they grow older. During this stage, children will not have identity constancy. Kids will not be able to know that a person wearing a costume is not real; but to them, it is real because that is what they see. They do not know that the person is still himself or herself on the inside despite what they see on the outside. Animism is also very prominent during this stage. Children believe that inanimate objects have feelings and abilities that humans do. I believe a lot of people can relate with this, having a teddy bear and thinking that it had feelings. And during the ages of two to seven, children also think that their parents or any grown-up has the ability to do anything. This is called artificialism. A lot of kids go through this stage in life, where they believe that humans are capable of doing impossible things. Kids just look at what they see and automatically believe it. Lastly, egocentrism is an important element during the preoperational stage. Young children do not know that other people have different beliefs or thoughts. They believe that everything revolves around them, but not in a conceited manner. Children during this age just do not have much awareness of their surroundings; they think that whatever they believe is what others believe, as well. Egocentrism among children does not last forever, because they will learn and gain awareness, as they grow older. During the preoperational period, children do not have much awareness and are egocentric, have no identity constancy or conservation. During the early years of a child’s life, they do not have the capacity to learn about their surroundings. A child’s thought process is a lot different than an older person’s. That is why they always say older people are wise. As a child grows older, they will have the ability to understand the world as a whole.

Haiti earthquake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Haiti earthquake - Essay Example Haiti has seen many natural disasters in the past. The next section of the article talks about the deaths of UN personnel in the UN headquarters in Haiti. The number of deaths and missing personnel was not known. The head of the UN mission in Haiti, Hedi Annabi, was also inside the building. Haiti’s ambassador in US reported that many buildings including the presidential palace, the tax office, the ministry of commerce, the foreign ministry, and the local offices of the World Bank were destroyed. The President was reported to be safe. The airport was fine. US President Obama delivered his wishful thoughts and prayers. Emergency food aid and relief came from the Red Cross, the UNs World Food Programme, The Inter-American Development Bank, UK, Canada, Australia, France, and Latin America. The last section of the article talks about Henry Bahn, a visiting official, who reported his experience. The Tsunami watch was lifted when the danger of Tsunami

History of voice coil of a speaker Research Paper

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International business short essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Challenges to Pradhan Manti Jan Dhan Yojana

Challenges to Pradhan Manti Jan Dhan Yojana A Study of Challenges and Problems Faced While Implementing  Pradhan Manti Jan Dhan Yojana Shilpi Pal Dr. M.S.Khan Research Scholar Head/Coordinator (MBA M.Phil Programme), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow Abstract The biggest development by the NDA government in the year 2014 is introducing first social welfare scheme that is â€Å"Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana†. The purpose of introducing this scheme is financial inclusion launched by our Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi on 28th August, 2014. Mr. Modi has come up with this scheme on his first Independence Day speech on 15th August, 2014 which is a National mission for a financial inclusion. This scheme is based on â€Å"Sab ka sath sab ka vikas† that is inclusive growth. The basic aim of this scheme is that every family living in India must have bank accounts and must enroll in bank with Zero balance account. This is the first step to bring out economic quality in country. This paper highlights the problem and challenges faced while implementing the scheme. Also try to point out basic reason not to turn all people for adopting this scheme although it is Zero Balance account scheme which will be opened in all nationalized and pr ivate bank. Keywords- Financial Inclusion, National Mission, Inclusive Growth, Economic Quality Introduction Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) is National Mission for Financial Inclusion to ensure access to financial services, like Saving and Deposit Accounts,Remittance, Credit, Insurance, Pension in an affordable manner. Mr. Narendra Modi our prime minister has announced this scheme on his first independence speech on 15th Augst, 2014. The Objective of PMJDY is financial inclusion and intensive growth along with the improvement of economic status of our country. The aim behind PMJDY is that every family or household have their own account and can access banking facility easily so that everyone become evenly a part of country specially a lower section of society who may easily not able to get these facilities prior to PMJDY. The name Jan Dhan was chosen through an online competition on the MyGov Platform.Slogan of this scheme is â€Å"Mera Khata – Bhagya Vidhata.† PMJDY Account can be opened at Business Correspondent (Bank Mitr) outlet or at Bank branches.PMJDY gives the facility of Overdraft that is up to Rs.5000/- is available in only one account per household after 6 months of satisfactory carry out of accounts. On the first day itself 1.5 crore accounts were opened under this scheme. Then around 12.58 crore accounts were opened by 28th January, 2015. Joint account can also be opened under this scheme. The scheme has been started with a target to provide universal access to banking facilities starting with Basic Banking Accounts with overdraft facility of Rs.5000 after six months andRuPayDebit card with inbuilt accident insurance cover of Rs. 1 lakh and RuPay Kisan Card. Literature Review Dr.Anupama Sharma and Ms. Susmita Kukreja has discussed in their paper that â€Å"The study focuses on the role of financial inclusion, in strengthening the India’s position in relation to other countries economy. For analyzing such facts data for the study has been gathered through secondary sources including report of RBI, NABARD, books on financial inclusion and other articles written by eminent authors. Dr.G.H. Barhate and Ms. V.R.Jagtap has include includes study of various financial inclusion and to evaluate progress and current status of financial inclusion of the State in their research paper C. Paramasivan and V. Ganeshkumar discussed in his ppaper that Financial inclusion is aimed at providing banking and financial services to all people in a fair, transparent and equitable manner at affordable cost. This paper is an attempt to discuss the overview of financial inclusion in India. Objectives of the Study The basic objectives of my study are: To Know the reason behind introducing Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana(PMJDY) To recognize awareness among people for this financial inclusion. To understand the problems and challenges faced in implementing PMJDY. To find out effect on banking sector after adopting this financial inclusion. Research Methodology My study is purely based on secondary data which include, Existing Articles, Newspapers, websites, online articles and Research Paper published in different journals. Through these secondary data and information available I have done my research on green advertising so deeply to meet up with the objective of the study. Result and Discussions It is good initiation for the purpose of financial inclusion and economic growth. Many have found positive aspect behind the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana specially the lower segment of country who feels more comfortable now as they easily take step in banking sector and have their own accounts with special facilities like Overdraft facility, RuPay card, Kisan card facility etc. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Jan_Dhan_Yojana Challenges and Problems faced by PMJDY Implementation- The Connectivity Challenge – As we know around 68% of population lives in rural areas which need to be connected through complete banking system to avail this facility which is huge business potential for the banking sector .But it throws up connectivity-related challenges that need to be addressed in rural areas. Lack of physical and digital connectivity is posing a major hurdle in achieving financial inclusion for rural India. Technological Issue- The technological issues affecting banks from poor connectivity, networking and bandwidth problems to managing costs of maintain infrastructure especially in rural areas. To meet the increasing demands for banking services, banks often depend on passive optical network connectivity, for which they end up paying high costs to internet service providers. Infrastructure of banks in rural areas- It is about the connectivity in banking system. The connections in rural areas are not reliable and fall shorts on bandwidth. An alternative option must be adopted to connect in rural areas branches through satellite links. Banking through WAN or internet link of lower bandwidth at remote locations repeatedly suffers with video delays, slow browsing, slow file transfer, slow upload and download of files, failing to meet the demands of account holders at particular time. Are really people who don’t have account will turn around – This is the one of the major problem as most of the people are aware of it but still they are not turning into bank account user may be because they are not still understand the proper channel of opening bank account under Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna. Gender Gap- There is major gender gap in banking sector; by 2012 for every 1,000 deposit accounts in the name of men, just 394 were opened in the name of women. Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat were even worse than the national banking sex ratio, while Delhi and the four southern States were better. ATM Network-People may face problem due to ATM in rural areas as there is low network of ATM so people are not well know how to use ATM. New account opening Creating new account is not challenge but transaction of this account is a challenge. As staff which is already there may find pressure if there is lot of people come with the problem at a time. Procedure not clear Most of the people are aware but still so many are not turned around as they are not understanding the proper procedure of opening account and required document at a time. Coverage of Difficult areas Many areas like parts of North East, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu Kashmir etc. are facing challenges of infrastructure and telecom connectivity . In these areas all household may not be fully covered under campaign Brand Awareness and sensitization- Customer must get proper awareness about the PMJDY and their benefit after opening account. All thing must clear to customer and made aware that overdraft of up to ` 5,000/- to be provided in their account is a credit facility which needs to be repaid in order to get fresh limits and is not a grant. Findings During research I found the major challenges and problem faced while Implementation of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana which is discussed above under the heading of challenges and problems. Still there are few points which need to be taken into consideration- It is not clear that those customers who have existing saving accounts without RuPay card will get other benefit or not. No clarity on that which has already accounts before announcement of accidental insurance coverage will get this benefit of 1 lakh accidental insurance coverage. Customers are not able to follow proper channel of opening account as they are not much aware about the procedure and benefits to the account holder. No awareness to the customers who will be going to wear bill of insurance premium and cost to keep account running. Banking staff may feel pressure as so many accounts are opening under this scheme. Suggestions There are lots of activities are going around so that everyone get aware about it and must open account under this who don’t have account in the bank and for those who may face problem in opening bank account prior to PMJDY. Awareness program is going through proper channel like Print Media, T.V, Radio, Banner and poster almost outside every bank etc. The result has been seen positive and almost everyone has opened account. But bank in rural areas are facing few problem like low connectivity, Less ATM machines etc. For this reason there are few suggestions which need to implement for the better banking service in the remote locations and they are- Bank must switch to WAN Optimization- Banks need to switch to WAN Optimization Controllers that support tunneling protocol/storage protocol capable of accelerating remote application delivery, thereby speeding up the delivery of banking services. WAN optimization controllers speed up data transfers and reduce application response time over wide area networks by reducing the amount of traffic transmitted between remote offices and between remote locations. This helps banks increase application response time significantly. Facilitate more ATM in remote locations- As in rural areas we see few ATM due to which everyone may not access ATM so much and they don’t know how to use. So, if everyone has account under PMJDY means they carry RuPay card and debit card for that purpose they need to access ATM machines. Awareness Campaign in Rural Areas- There should be proper awareness programs in remote locations about the PMJDY so that everyone must aware about the benefit and need of opening account and they must open account to run with economy. Bankers must give proper information about documentation and other facilities- People must aware about the document needed while opening account and if document is not there then other alternative way for opening account and other benefits related to the account opening like overdraft facility, accidental insurance etc. must be told to the person. As many people think if they don’t have single document they are not able to open the account but under PMJDY there is alternative solution to this problem but people are not aware about this. So banker must take interest and tell detail about it. Conclusion For the financial inclusion and economic growth this turn to be one of the best initiatives under which everyone can enjoy the banking facility as well as economic parity among everyone. It has turned into positive response where public sector players has opened 11.5 crore accounts under PMJDY covering 99.74 households and paving the way for transfer of over Rs 65,000 crore of subsidies and other transfers directly into these accounts. Almost every Indian is now into banking system expects inaccessible households of remote location. After one of the survey it come out thet out of 21.05 crore households, 20.99 crore have access to bank facility. As new technology introduced by National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), a person can transfer funds, check balance through a normal phone which was earlier limited only to smart phones so far. Mobile banking for the poor would be available through National Unified USSD Platform (NUUP) for which all banks and mobile companies have come t ogether. For better acceleration in rural areas of banking sector these steps are taken by which an account holder feels comfortable in running account very well. References Sharma Anupam and Kukereja Sushmita (2013) .An Analytical study: Relevence of Financial Inclusion for developing nations. International Journal of Engeneering And Science, PP15-20 Paramasivan C. and Ganeshkumar V. (2013).Overview of Financial Inclusion in India. International Journals of Management and Development Studies 2(3) PP45-49 Barhate G.H. and Jagtap V.R. (2014).Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana: National Mission on Financial Inclusion. Indian Journal Of Applied Research 4(12) PP340-342 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Jan_Dhan_Yojana http://www.businessworld.in/news/economy/pm%E2%80%99s-jan-dhan-yojana-the-connectivity-challenge/1646746/page-1.html http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Jan-Dhan-covers-99-7-households/articleshow/45960195.cms http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pradhan-mantri-jan-dhan-yojana-faces-access-deficit/article6363310.ece

Cloning is Not What it Used to Be :: Cloning Argumentative Persuasive Argument

Cloning is Not What it Used to Be      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On Sunday, February 23, 1997, Scottish researchers broke one of nature's greatest laws by cloning a lamb from a single cell of an adult ewe.   This breakthrough opens the door to the possibility for the cloning of other mammals including humans.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This remarkable achievement is being looked at as a great advancement in animal agriculture.   But this achievement could lead to ethical questions of standard.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Researchers lead by Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute in Midlothian, Scotland, showed that a fully differentiated cell from the mammary tissue of an ewe could be manipulated in such a way as to produce a genetically identical copy of the animal that the DNA was acquired.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scientist long believed that once a cell became differentiated, that most of its approximately 100,000 genes shut off.   Only a few genes remained active to allow the cell to perform its specific function of life.   All efforts to reactivate the shut-off genes have failed.   English researchers have came the closest by teasing frog body cells to develop into tadpoles.   The tadpoles, however, never matured into frogs.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Scottish researchers have failed many times with sheep cells before their success, but the task was perfected and accomplished.   Now this accomplishment has made it possible for the cloning of almost any mammal, including humans.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To the average person, exactly how the technique works is unclear. Scientist predicted that by making cells dormant and bringing them close to death, something happens to break the chemical locks (barriers) that keep most of the genes inactive. The mammary cell is inserted into an unfertilized sheep egg cell that has already had all of its own genetic material removed.   By fusing the cells together tricks the egg into thinking that it has become fertilized.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After being fused together, researchers believe that the chemical machinery inside the egg cell goes to work to reprogram the mammary cell genes into starting over again, as if they were brought together as sperm and egg. The cell divides, produces an embryo, fetus and a newborn that is identical to the animal from which it was cloned.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the United States government prohibits government funds being spent on human cloning research, and ethicists decry it, nevertheless, human cloning could be achieved, Neal First said.   First is a professor of animal biotechnology and reproductive biology at the University of Wisconsin.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Overall, there is no apparent reason to clone humans. A duplicate body does not mean a duplicated mind.

Caterpillar and Komatsu: A Mission Statement Evaluation Essay

Caterpillar and Komatsu are two of the largest heavy equipment manufacturers in the world with total revenue of over $29.1 billion dollars for fiscal year 2001 between the two companies. Caterpillar was established in 1925 after Benjamin Holt and Daniel Best merged their two companies, both of which had been in business for over 35 years each. Komatsu was founded in 1921 when Komatsu Iron Works was spun off as an independent corporation from Takeuchi Mining Industry, Ltd. Both companies, Caterpillar and Komatsu, have since established themselves in the market as leaders of heavy equipment manufacturing. A review of the websites and mission statements for each company speaks volumes about the company and their philosophy towards doing business. Each mission statement was evaluated for the following components as per the UniModule for the course: Customers, Products or services, Markets, Technology, Concern for survival, growth and profitability, Philosophy, Self-concept, Concern for public image and Concern for employees. Additionally, each mission statement, as well as the company web site and company reports, was reviewed to determine how the priorities of the stockholders were addressed. Caterpillar Caterpillar has both a vision and a mission to drive their company. The vision is basically stated, â€Å"Be the global leader in customer value† (Caterpillar). This basic statement drives the four different aspects of the mission and the company as a whole. The vision also shows a strong concern for survival and growth with a forward-looking vision to the future. In addition, a basic vision such as this also drives the philosophy of the company as they strive to be the best in their market. The first section of the mission statement is as follows: Caterpillar will be the leader in providing the best value in machines,  engines and support services for customers dedicated to building the world’s infrastructure and developing and transporting its resources. We provide the best value to customers. (italics as included in statement) (Caterpillar) As this section states, Caterpillar believes in supporting the customer through all aspects of its operations. This section also addresses Caterpillar’s philosophy in their products and services by providing the best value to their customers. The second section of the mission statement states: Caterpillar people will increase shareholder value by aggressively pursuing growth and profit opportunities that leverage our engineering, manufacturing, distribution, information management and financial services expertise. We grow profitably. (italics as included in statement) (Caterpillar) This section addresses Caterpillar’s concern for shareholder value by directly addressing their goals to increase value as part of the statement, and not as an afterthought. The simple line, â€Å"We grow profitably† shows a strong faith in their future as a company. The third section read: Caterpillar will provide its worldwide workforce with an environment that stimulates diversity, innovation, teamwork, continuous learning and improvement and rewards individual performance. We develop and reward people. (italics as included in statement) (Caterpillar) A strong concern for the employees is shown in this section of the mission statement. According to the Caterpillar website, the company offers extensive training and employee development, as well as a multitude of benefits for their employees. The final section of the mission statement is as follows: Caterpillar is dedicated to improving the quality of life while sustaining the quality of our earth. We encourage social responsibility. (italics as included in statement) (Caterpillar) Finally, Caterpillar addresses their concern for the public image of the company by addressing environmental and social issues in their mission statement. Caterpillar is involved in several environmental and social projects in the communities that they are a part of, whether in the United States or around the world. Overall, the vision and mission statement for Caterpillar is strong and clear, providing a valuable direction for the company in all aspects of their operation. Komatsu Komatsu has established a basic mission statement as well as a Code of Worldwide Business Conduct (Code) booklet that helps to guide the company in its global business dealings. This Code is updated annually to reflect any new or changed information that may affect how the company performs on a global level. The mission statement, which is actually an opening statement by the president of the company, Masahiro Sakane, reads as follows: Komatsu is committed to Quality and Reliability as the very cornerstones of its management to maximize its corporate value. Through business activities, we at Komatsu work to enhance the corporate value of Komatsu for shareholders and all other stakeholders by promoting activities to become a Strong Company, while simultaneously observing the â€Å"Rules of the Business Community (the Rules)† and fulfilling the responsibility of corporate citizenship to become a Good Company. In this manner, I believe that we can improve the Quality and Reliability of management and employees. (Komatsu) By breaking down the opening statement, as well as the pertinent sections of the Code, we can evaluate the company’s means for addressing the different  requirements from the UniModule. A driving force behind the Code is the strong commitment to quality and reliability for their products. This is addressed in the management direction section of the code, which provides five guidelines for enhancing quality and reliability. The first guideline directly addresses the customers’ needs and concerns, as well as the product and/or services themselves, by â€Å"constantly providing safe and innovative products/service and systems from the viewpoint of our customers.† (Komatsu) Additionally, product safety is mentioned as one of the main aspects for quality and reliability. According to Komatsu, â€Å"all employees place the highest priority for assurance of safety when engaging in development, production, procurement, sales, service and all other stages.† (Komatsu) References Caterpillar Company Information. Mission. Caterpillar. Retrieved on June 20, 2002 from the World Wide Web: http://www.cat.com/about_cat/company_information/03_mission/mission.html Komatsu Code of Business Conduct. Komatsu, Inc. Retrieved June 20, 2002 from the World Wide Web: http://www.komatsu.com/profile/index.html

Implications for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Special Education Teacher Preparation in Classroom Management: Implications for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Foundations of Exceptionality (EDUC 521)Special Education Teacher Preparation in Classroom Management:Implications for Students with Emotional and Behavioral DisordersClassroom management and organization plays a vital role in the learning process for all students, and especially in students having EBD. The research conducted in the article, Special Education Teacher Preparation in Classroom Management: Implications for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, by Regina Oliver and Daniel Reschly, examines the question â€Å"Do academic courses and training prepare special education teachers to know how to cope with the needs of EBD children in the classroom?† Special education teachers need the skills to manage the classroom effectively; lacking this knowledge can lead to students spending too much time outside the classroom and the learning process.To examine the academics in teacher preparation programs a study was conducted using syllabi from these programs employing information from a larger assessment of higher education institutions; only classroom management categories were evaluated. In measuring this data the Innovation Configuration (IC) chart was utilized; IC’s are the usual form of quantifying assessment (Oliver & Reschly, 2010).The results indicate that many institutions of higher learning were lacking in areas of curriculum preparing special education teachers to work with EBD students and their behaviors in the classroom. Areas established to be lacking were: active supervision and student engagement, classroom routines, structured environment, and school wide behavioral expectations. In the syllabi from the institutions many of the elements listed were not included and 42% did not include teaching how to set up classroom rules; a well planned set of rules and expectations in the classroom is a pr eventive  approach to discipline (2010).One can see that there could be a correlation between teacher preparation curriculum and EBD student’s behaviors and the learning process; further studies are needed to ascertain a connection. Students and teachers would greatly gain from such studies, because it could warrant a change in curriculum and training.